NEET MCQs Practice on Biotechnology and its Applications Class-XII Biology, Free unlimited practice on Biotechnology and its Applications Class-XII Biology Mcqs

Match the terms in List-I related to ethical and traditional knowledge with their definitions in List-II:

List-I (Term)	List-II (Definition/Area)
A. GEAC	P. Organisation evaluating validity/safety of GM research
B. Biopiracy	Q. Use of bio-resources without authorization/compensatory payment
C. Traditional knowledge	R. Rich in developing and underdeveloped world
D. Basmati Rice (Indian varieties)	S. Used to create a 'new' variety claimed by an American company

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P

Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee) is set up by the Indian Government to evaluate GM research and safety.
B. Biopiracy refers to the use of bio-resources without proper authorisation or compensatory payment.
C. Traditional knowledge related to bio-resources is rich in the developing and underdeveloped world.
D. Indian farmer's varieties of Basmati were crossed with semi-dwarf varieties and patented as a "new" variety.

Match the insulin-related entities in List-I with their specific characteristics in List-II:

List-I (Insulin Entity)	List-II (Characteristic)
A. Pro-hormone	P. Contains an extra stretch called C peptide
B. Mature Insulin	Q. Two polypeptide chains (A and B) linked by disulphide bridges
C. Insulin from slaughtered animals	R. Risk of causing allergy or immune reactions
D. Eli Lilly (1983)	S. First to produce insulin chains separately using E. coli plasmids

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P

Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Insulin is synthesised as a pro-hormone (pro-insulin) containing the C peptide.
B. Mature insulin consists of A and B chains linked by disulphide bridges.
C. Insulin from slaughtered cattle and pigs caused allergic reactions in some patients.
D. Eli Lilly prepared A and B chains separately using *E. coli* plasmids in 1983.

Match the gene therapy concepts in List-I with their descriptions in List-II:

List-I (Gene Therapy Concept)	List-II (Description/Method)
A. Gene Therapy	P. Correction of a gene defect diagnosed in a child/embryo
B. First Clinical Gene Therapy	Q. Given in 1990 for ADA deficiency
C. Permanent Cure Goal	R. Introduction of the functional gene at early embryonic stages
D. Retroviral Vector	S. Used to introduce functional ADA cDNA into lymphocytes

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P

Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Gene therapy is a collection of methods allowing correction of a gene defect diagnosed in a child/embryo.
B. The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year old girl with ADA deficiency.
C. Introducing the gene into cells at early embryonic stages could be a permanent cure.
D. A retroviral vector is used to deliver functional ADA cDNA into the patient's lymphocytes.

Match the diagnostic tools/methods in List-I with their principles in List-II:

List-I (Tool/Method)	List-II (Principle/Mechanism)
A. PCR	P. Amplification of nucleic acid to detect low concentrations of pathogens
B. ELISA	Q. Based on antigen-antibody interaction
C. Radioactive Probe	R. Tags single-stranded DNA/RNA to hybridise to complementary sequence
D. Conventional Diagnosis	S. Early detection is not possible

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P

Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. PCR detects very low concentrations of viruses or bacteria by amplifying their nucleic acid.
B. ELISA is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction.
C. A radioactive probe is allowed to hybridise to complementary DNA for detection.
D. Using conventional methods (serum and urine analysis), early detection of disease is not possible.

Match the features of Transgenic Animals in List-I with their details in List-II:

List-I (Transgenic Feature)	List-II (Detail/Usage)
A. Most common transgenic animal	P. Mice (over 95 per cent of all existing transgenic animals)
B. Normal Physiology Study	Q. Used to study insulin-like growth factor
C. Vaccine Safety Testing	R. Used to test safety of polio vaccine
D. Biological Product example	S. Human α-1-antitrypsin to treat emphysema

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P

Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Over 95 per cent of all existing transgenic animals are mice.
B. Transgenic animals study complex factors in development, such as insulin-like growth factor.
C. Transgenic mice are used to test the safety of the polio vaccine.
D. Alpha-1-antitrypsin is a human protein produced by transgenic animals for emphysema treatment.

Match the disease models in List-I with their corresponding transgenic animal applications in List-II:

List-I (Disease)	List-II (Transgenic Role)
A. Cancer	P. Model to understand how genes contribute to development
B. Alzheimer’s	Q. Model exists for investigation of new treatments
C. Cystic Fibrosis	R. Transgenic animal models exist
D. Rheumatoid Arthritis	S. Transgenic models exist to investigate treatments

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P

Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Transgenic animals serve as cancer models to understand gene contribution.
B. Transgenic models exist for Alzheimer’s disease.
C. Transgenic models exist for cystic fibrosis, allowing investigation of new treatments.
D. Transgenic models exist for rheumatoid arthritis.

Match the ethical/legal terms in List-I with their related descriptions in List-II:

List-I (Legal/Ethical Term)	List-II (Description/Concern)
A. Genetic Modification Ethics	P. Can have unpredictable results when introduced into ecosystem
B. Indian Parliament Action	Q. Recently cleared the second amendment of the Indian Patents Bill
C. Industrially Rich Nations	R. Rich financially but poor in biodiversity and traditional knowledge
D. Basmati Patent Restriction	S. Patent extended to functional equivalents, restricting sellers

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P

Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Genetic modification of organisms can have unpredictable results when introduced into the ecosystem.
B. The Indian Parliament recently cleared the second amendment of the Indian Patents Bill.
C. Industrialised nations are rich financially but poor in biodiversity and traditional knowledge.
D. The Basmati patent obtained by the American company extended to functional equivalents, implying restrictions on other sellers.

Match the plant tissue culture applications in List-I with their outcome/purpose in List-II:

List-I (Application)	List-II (Outcome/Purpose)
A. Micro-propagation	P. Producing thousands of plants in short durations
B. Meristem Culture	Q. Recovery of healthy plants from diseased plants
C. Protoplast Isolation	R. Done by digesting cell walls of single cells
D. Somaclones	S. Genetically identical to the original plant

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P

Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Micro-propagation is the method for producing thousands of plants through tissue culture quickly.
B. Meristem culture, utilizing the virus-free meristem, leads to the recovery of healthy plants from diseased plants.
C. Protoplasts are isolated naked cells obtained after digesting the cell walls.
D. Somaclones are the genetically identical plants produced via micro-propagation.

Match the components of the RNAi mechanism in List-I with their functions in List-II:

List-I (Component/Organism)	List-II (Role/Feature)
A. RNA interference (RNAi)	P. Method of cellular defense in all eukaryotic organisms
B. Meloidegyne incognitia	Q. Nematode that infects tobacco roots
C. dsRNA	R. Initiates RNAi, silencing specific mRNA
D. Agrobacterium vectors	S. Used to introduce nematode-specific genes into host plant

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P

Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. RNAi takes place in all eukaryotes as a cellular defense mechanism.
B. *Meloidegyne incognitia* is a nematode that parasitises and causes great reduction in tobacco plant yield.
C. dsRNA, formed from sense and anti-sense RNA, initiates RNAi.
D. *Agrobacterium* vectors are used to introduce nematode-specific genes into the host plant.

Match the diagnostic methods in List-I with the level of pathogen concentration they can detect in List-II:

List-I (Method)	List-II (Detection Feature)
A. PCR	P. Can detect very low concentration of viruses/bacteria
B. ELISA	Q. Detects presence of antigens or antibodies synthesized
C. Conventional Diagnosis (Serum/Urine)	R. Pathogen concentration is already very high when symptoms appear
D. Molecular Diagnosis	S. Serves the purpose of early diagnosis

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P

Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. PCR can detect very low concentrations of viruses or bacteria.
B. ELISA detects infection by the presence of antigens or synthesized antibodies.
C. Conventional methods detect pathogens when their concentration is high enough to produce symptoms.
D. Molecular diagnosis techniques (rDNA, PCR, ELISA) serve the purpose of early diagnosis.

Biotechnology and its Applications: Class-XII

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MCQs on Biotechnology and its Applications: Class-XII for NEET Practice