The use of transgenic animals to produce useful biological products is exemplified by the production of alpha-1-antitrypsin, used to treat ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• PKU
• emphysema
• diabetes
• cystic fibrosis
Correct Option: B  [ emphysema ]

Remark: Alpha-1-antitrypsin is used to treat emphysema.

Match the items in List-I with the corresponding items in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-Q, B-S, C-P, D-R
• A-S, B-Q, C-P, D-R
• A-Q, B-P, C-S, D-R
• A-R, B-Q, C-P, D-S
Correct Option: A  [ A-Q, B-S, C-P, D-R ]

Remark: A. Bt toxin protein exists as inactive protoxin, which is converted into an active form of toxin due to the alkaline pH of the insect gut.
B. GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee) is set up by the Indian Government to evaluate the validity of GM research and the safety of introducing GM-organisms for public services.
C. Rosie was the first transgenic cow (1997) that produced human protein-enriched milk, containing the human alpha-lactalbumin.
D. RNA interference (RNAi) takes place as a method of cellular defense and involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule.

Match the components in List-I with their related descriptions in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-S, D-R
• A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
• A-R, B-S, C-P, D-Q
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Eli Lilly, an American company, prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to the A and B chains of human insulin in 1983.
B. In mammals, insulin is synthesized as a pro-hormone containing the extra C peptide, which is removed during maturation.
C. ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay) serves the purpose of early diagnosis and is based on antigen-antibody interaction.
D. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is used routinely to detect very low concentrations of pathogens, such as HIV in suspected AIDS patients.

Match the concepts in List-I related to agriculture with their descriptions in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-S, B-R, C-Q, D-P
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-S, C-R, D-Q
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. The Green Revolution succeeded in tripling the food supply.
B. GMOs are organisms (plants, bacteria, fungi and animals) whose genes have been altered by manipulation.
C. Genetic modification has enhanced the nutritional value of food, e.g., golden rice is Vitamin 'A' enriched rice.
D. Organic agriculture is one of the three options considered for increasing food production, alongside agro-chemical based agriculture and genetically engineered crop-based agriculture.

Match the Bt toxin genes in List-I with the pests they control in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-R, C-S, D-P
• A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
• A-R, B-Q, C-P, D-S
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A & B. The proteins encoded by the genes *cryIAc* and *cryIIAb* control the cotton bollworms.
C. The protein encoded by the gene *cryIAb* controls the corn borer.
D. The Bt toxin protein exists as an inactive protoxin and only becomes active upon ingestion by the insect in the alkaline gut.

Match the tissue culture terminology in List-I with their definitions in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-R, B-S, C-P, D-Q
• A-P, B-Q, C-S, D-R
Correct Option: B  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. An explant is any part of a plant taken out and grown in a test tube.
B. Totipotency is the capacity of a cell/explant to generate a whole plant.
C. Micro-propagation is the method of producing thousands of plants through tissue culture in a short duration.
D. Plants produced by micro-propagation are genetically identical to the original plant and are called somaclones.

Match the diseases/conditions in List-I with their associated biotechnological treatments or models in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-S, D-R
• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-R, B-Q, C-P, D-S
Correct Option: B  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. The first clinical gene therapy (1990) was given for adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
B. The human protein alpha-1-antitrypsin is produced by transgenic animals and used to treat emphysema.
C. The nematode *Meloidegyne incognitia* infects tobacco roots, and its infestation is prevented using the strategy of RNA interference (RNAi).
D. Transgenic animals are specially made to serve as models for human diseases like Alzheimer’s, cancer, and cystic fibrosis.

Match the concepts related to cellular defense and plant protection in List-I with their functions in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
• A-R, B-Q, C-P, D-S
• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
Correct Option: C  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. RNAi (RNA interference) takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
B. The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) initiates RNAi and silences the specific mRNA of the parasite.
C. The source of complementary RNA could be mobile genetic elements (transposons) or viruses having RNA genomes.
D. The transgenic plant, by expressing specific interfering RNA, gets protected from the parasite because the parasite cannot survive in the host.

Match the applications of transgenic animals in List-I with their specific examples/outcomes in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-S, C-R, D-Q
• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-S, D-R
• A-R, B-Q, C-S, D-P
Correct Option: B  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Transgenic mice are being developed for use in testing the safety of the polio vaccine before use on humans.
B. Transgenic animals allow the study of how genes affect normal functions, such as complex factors involved in growth like insulin-like growth factor.
C. Transgenic models exist for many human diseases such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
D. Rosie, the first transgenic cow, produced milk containing the human alpha-lactalbumin.

Match the issues in List-I with their definitions or related entities in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: C  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Biopiracy is the term for using bio-resources without proper authorisation or compensatory payment.
B. GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee) is set up by the Indian Government to make decisions regarding the validity and safety of introducing GM-organisms.
C. The patent on Basmati rice obtained by an American company in 1997 was based on crossing Indian farmer's varieties with semi-dwarf varieties.
D. Developing nations are rich in biodiversity and traditional knowledge related to bio-resources, which can be exploited for modern applications.