The Indian Parliament's clearance of the second amendment of the Indian Patents Bill takes into consideration issues of unauthorized ________ of bio-resources.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• conservation
• exploitation
• development
• documentation
Correct Option: B  [ exploitation ]

Remark: The amendment addresses the unauthorized exploitation of bio-resources.

Biotechnology deals with industrial scale production of biopharmaceuticals and biologicals using genetically ________ microbes, fungi, plants and animals.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• cultured
• modified
• hybridized
• selected
Correct Option: B  [ modified ]

Remark: Biotechnology uses genetically modified organisms.

One application of biotechnology is in the field of diagnostics, alongside therapeutics and genetically modified crops for ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• horticulture
• forestry
• agriculture
• aquaculture
Correct Option: C  [ agriculture ]

Remark: Applications include therapeutics, diagnostics, and genetically modified crops for agriculture.

The method of producing thousands of genetically identical plants is known as ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• cloning
• somaclonal variation
• micro-propagation
• somatic fusion
Correct Option: C  [ micro-propagation ]

Remark: Micro-propagation produces thousands of plants (somaclones).

Scientists succeeded in culturing meristems of banana, sugarcane, and ________ to obtain virus-free plants.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• wheat
• potato
• rice
• tomato
Correct Option: B  [ potato ]

Remark: Meristems of banana, sugarcane, and potato have been cultured successfully.

GM plants are beneficial because they have increased efficiency of mineral usage, which prevents the early exhaustion of the ________ of the soil.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• water content
• fertility
• structure
• acidity
Correct Option: B  [ fertility ]

Remark: Increased mineral usage efficiency prevents early exhaustion of soil fertility.

In the transgenic host plant, the parasite could not survive because the dsRNA silenced the parasite’s specific ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• rRNA
• tRNA
• mRNA
• dsDNA
Correct Option: C  [ mRNA ]

Remark: The dsRNA silenced the specific mRNA of the nematode.

The two short polypeptide chains of mature insulin, Chain A and Chain B, are linked by ________ bonds.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• peptide
• hydrogen
• disulphide
• ester
Correct Option: C  [ disulphide ]

Remark: The chains are linked by disulphide bridges.

The C peptide is an extra stretch in the pro-hormone insulin that is removed during the process of ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• translation
• secretion
• maturation
• transport
Correct Option: C  [ maturation ]

Remark: The C peptide is removed during maturation.

Gene therapy involves correction of a gene defect diagnosed in a ________ or embryo.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• child
• adult
• parent
• elderly person
Correct Option: A  [ child ]

Remark: Gene therapy allows correction of a gene defect diagnosed in a child/embryo.