Match the organisms in List-I with their characteristic biotechnological utility in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
• A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. *Bacillus thuringiensis* is the source of the Bt toxin gene, used to create bio-pesticides.
B. *E. coli* plasmids were used by Eli Lilly to produce the A and B chains of human insulin separately.
C. Transgenic mice are used extensively for toxicity/chemical safety testing.
D. Rosie, the first transgenic cow, produced human alpha-lactalbumin enriched milk.

Match the GM crop benefits in List-I with their context in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
• A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Genetic modification has helped to reduce post harvest losses.
B. GM has been used to create tailor-made plants to supply alternative resources like starches, fuels, and pharmaceuticals to industries.
C. Increased yields during the Green Revolution were partly due to improved crop varieties and better management.
D. Cloning and expressing the Bt toxin gene in plants provides resistance to insects.

Match the molecular diagnosis elements in List-I with their function/result in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
• A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. A radioactive probe is a single stranded DNA or RNA molecule tagged with a radioactive molecule.
B. The clone having the mutated gene will not appear on the photographic film because the probe will not have complementarity.
C. Detection of hybridised probes is performed using autoradiography.
D. Disease symptoms appear only when the concentration of the pathogen is already very high in the body.

Match the insect groups in List-I with their characteristic pest examples in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
• A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Bt proteins kill Lepidopterans like tobacco budworm and armyworm.
B. Bt proteins kill Coleopterans (beetles).
C. Bt proteins kill Dipterans (flies, mosquitoes).
D. The protein encoded by the gene *cryIAb* controls corn borer.

Match the ADA gene therapy steps/components in List-I with their description in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
• A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Enzyme replacement therapy is not a completely curative approach for ADA deficiency.
B. Introducing the gene into cells at early embryonic stages is the strategy for permanent cure.
C. Genetically engineered lymphocytes require periodic infusion because they are not immortal.
D. The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990.

Match the tissue culture components in List-I with their specific role in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
• A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Sucrose provides the carbon source in the nutrient medium.
B. Auxins and cytokinins are growth regulators required in the medium.
C. Explants are grown under sterile conditions.
D. The nutrient medium must provide inorganic salts, vitamins, and amino acids.

Match the Bt Toxin states and mechanisms in List-I with their description in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
• A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. The Bt toxin protein exists as inactive protoxin within the bacterium *Bacillus thuringiensis*.
B. The inactive toxin is converted to active form due to the alkaline pH of the insect gut.
C. The creation of pores by the toxin leads to cell swelling and lysis.
D. The activated toxin binds specifically to the surface of midgut epithelial cells.

Match the GM crop benefits in List-I with the corresponding outcome in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
• A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Genetic modification has made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses (cold, drought, salt, heat).
B. Increased mineral usage efficiency prevents early exhaustion of soil fertility.
C. Golden rice is an example of enhanced nutritional value (Vitamin A enriched).
D. Genetic modification has helped reduce post harvest losses.

Match the ethical/legal aspects in List-I with their descriptions in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
• A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Industrially rich nations are financially rich but poor in biodiversity and traditional knowledge.
B. Developing and underdeveloped countries are rich in biodiversity and traditional knowledge.
C. The Basmati patent was granted by the US Patent and Trademark Office in 1997.
D. Genetic modification of organisms can have unpredictable results when introduced into the ecosystem.

Match the usage of Transgenic Animals in List-I with their specific focus in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
• A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Transgenic animals are designed to study how genes are regulated and affect normal functions.
B. Insulin-like growth factor is an example of a complex factor involved in growth studied using transgenic animals.
C. Mice constitute over 95 per cent of all existing transgenic animals.
D. Human protein alpha-1-antitrypsin is used to treat emphysema.