NEET MCQs Practice on Biotechnology and its Applications Class-XII Biology, Free unlimited practice on Biotechnology and its Applications Class-XII Biology Mcqs

Match the plant manipulation techniques/products in List-I with their process in List-II:

List-I (Technique/Product)	List-II (Process/Result)
A. Hybrid Protoplasts	P. Fused naked protoplasts from two different varieties
B. Somatic Hybridisation	Q. Process resulting in new plants like pomato
C. Meristem Culture	R. Used to obtain virus-free plants
D. Explant definition	S. Any part of a plant grown in a test tube

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P

Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Hybrid protoplasts result from the fusion of isolated naked protoplasts from two different varieties.
B. Somatic hybridisation is the process resulting in somatic hybrids like pomato.
C. Meristem culture, utilizing the virus-free meristem, is used to obtain healthy plants.
D. An explant is defined as any part of a plant taken out and grown in a test tube.

Match the components of the RNAi mechanism in List-I with their specific roles in List-II:

List-I (RNAi Component)	List-II (Role/Source)
A. Complementary RNA source	P. Viruses having RNA genomes or transposons
B. dsRNA formation	Q. Formed by sense and anti-sense RNA being complementary
C. dsRNA action	R. Silences specific mRNA by preventing translation
D. RNAi defense location	S. Takes place in all eukaryotic organisms

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P

Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. The source of complementary RNA can be viruses having RNA genomes or mobile genetic elements (transposons).
B. dsRNA is formed when introduced sense and anti-sense RNA strands bind, as they are complementary.
C. The dsRNA initiates RNAi, silencing the specific mRNA by preventing its translation.
D. RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.

Match the critical research areas of Biotechnology in List-I with their objectives in List-II:

List-I (Research Area)	List-II (Objective)
A. Catalyst Provision	P. Providing the best catalyst (microbe or pure enzyme)
B. Engineering Conditions	Q. Creating optimal conditions for a catalyst to act
C. Downstream Processing	R. Purification of protein/organic compound
D. Core Focus of Biotechnology	S. Industrial scale production of biopharmaceuticals

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P

Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Catalyst provision means providing the best catalyst in the form of an improved organism or pure enzyme.
B. Engineering conditions involves creating optimal conditions for the catalyst to act.
C. Downstream processing is necessary to purify the product (protein/organic compound).
D. Biotechnology essentially deals with industrial scale production of biopharmaceuticals and biologicals.

Match the stages of Insulin maturation in List-I with their structural/processing features in List-II:

List-I (Insulin Stage)	List-II (Feature)
A. Pro-hormone (Pro-insulin)	P. Needs to be processed before becoming fully functional
B. C peptide	Q. Extra stretch removed during maturation
C. Mature Insulin Chains (A & B)	R. Linked together by disulphide bridges
D. Insulin from animal source	S. Caused allergy or immune reactions in some patients

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P

Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Insulin is synthesized as a pro-hormone that needs processing to become functional.
B. The C peptide is the extra stretch present in pro-insulin that is removed.
C. Mature insulin chains A and B are linked by disulphide bridges.
D. Insulin extracted from animal sources sometimes caused allergic reactions due to foreign protein.

Match the molecular diagnosis applications in List-I with their detection features in List-II:

List-I (Application)	List-II (Detection Feature)
A. PCR	P. Amplification of nucleic acid to detect very low pathogen concentration
B. ELISA	Q. Detects infection by presence of antigens or synthesized antibodies
C. Mutated Gene Detection	R. Probe will not hybridise due to lack of complementarity
D. Early Diagnosis purpose	S. Achieved by rDNA, PCR, and ELISA techniques

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P

Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. PCR amplifies nucleic acid to detect very low concentrations of pathogens.
B. ELISA detects antigens or antibodies synthesized against the pathogen.
C. In mutated gene detection using a probe, the lack of complementarity prevents hybridisation.
D. Early diagnosis is achieved using Recombinant DNA technology, PCR, and ELISA.

Match the Transgenic Animal testing goals in List-I with their details in List-II:

List-I (Testing Goal)	List-II (Detail/Usage)
A. Toxicity/Safety Testing	P. Animals carry genes making them more sensitive to toxins
B. Vaccine Safety Testing	Q. Used for testing the safety of the polio vaccine
C. Goal of chemical testing	R. Obtain results in less time
D. Testing alternative to monkeys	S. Transgenic mice

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P

Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Transgenic animals for toxicity testing carry genes making them more sensitive to toxins.
B. Transgenic mice are being developed for use in testing the safety of the polio vaccine.
C. Increased sensitivity allows researchers to obtain results in less time during chemical safety testing.
D. Transgenic mice could replace the use of monkeys for testing vaccine safety.

Match the legal/ethical concepts in List-I with their descriptions in List-II:

List-I (Legal/Ethical Term)	List-II (Description/Context)
A. Indian Patents Bill Amendment	P. Recently cleared its second amendment
B. Basmati Patent Restriction	Q. Patent extended to functional equivalents
C. Traditional Indian Medicines	R. Attempts have been made to patent uses, products, and processes based on them (e.g., turmeric, neem)
D. Biopiracy	S. Use of bio-resources without authorization/compensatory payment

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P

Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. The Indian Parliament recently cleared the second amendment of the Indian Patents Bill.
B. The Basmati patent extended to functional equivalents, implying restriction on other sellers.
C. Turmeric and neem are examples of traditional herbal medicines targeted for patent attempts.
D. Biopiracy is the use of bio-resources without proper authorization or compensatory payment.

Match the GM crop benefits in List-I with their primary effect in List-II:

List-I (GM Benefit)	List-II (Primary Effect)
A. Abiotic Stress Tolerance	P. Tolerance to cold, drought, salt, heat
B. Pest-resistant crops	Q. Reduced reliance on chemical pesticides
C. Nutritional Enhancement	R. Golden rice (Vitamin A enriched)
D. Tailor-made plants	S. Supply alternative resources like starches/fuels/pharmaceuticals

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P

Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Abiotic stress tolerance makes crops tolerant to environmental factors like cold, drought, and heat.
B. Pest-resistant crops reduce the need for chemical pesticides.
C. Nutritional enhancement is exemplified by golden rice, which is Vitamin A enriched.
D. Tailor-made plants supply alternative resources to industries, such as starches and pharmaceuticals.

Match the agricultural options in List-I with their descriptions in List-II:

List-I (Agricultural Option)	List-II (Description/Method)
A. Agro-chemical based agriculture	P. Often too expensive for farmers in the developing world
B. Organic agriculture	Q. One of the three options for increasing food production
C. Genetically engineered crop-based agriculture	R. Possible solution to minimise use of fertilisers and chemicals
D. Green Revolution success	S. Tripling the food supply

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P

Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Agro-chemicals are often too expensive for farmers in the developing world.
B. Organic agriculture is one of the three considered options for increasing food production.
C. Use of genetically modified crops is a possible solution to reduce the harmful effects of chemicals.
D. The Green Revolution succeeded in tripling the food supply.

Match the plant manipulation concepts in List-I with their outcomes in List-II:

List-I (Concept)	List-II (Outcome/Example)
A. Micro-propagation	P. Production of thousands of genetically identical plants
B. Virus-free plants	Q. Obtained by culturing meristems of banana, sugarcane, potato
C. Pomato	R. Hybrid plant that lacked desired commercial characteristics
D. Totipotency	S. Capacity to regenerate a whole plant from any cell/explant

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P

Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Micro-propagation produces thousands of genetically identical plants (somaclones).
B. Virus-free plants are obtained by culturing the meristems of plants like banana, sugarcane, and potato.
C. Pomato resulted from somatic hybridisation but lacked the necessary characteristics for commercial utilisation.
D. Totipotency is the capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell or explant.

Biotechnology and its Applications: Class-XII

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MCQs on Biotechnology and its Applications: Class-XII for NEET Practice