MCQs on Biotechnology and its Applications: Class-XII for NEET Practice
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Match the goals/processes in List-I with their descriptions in List-II:
List-I (Process/Goal)
List-II (Description)
A. Increased food production goal
P. Genetically engineered crop-based agriculture
B. Pest-resistant GM plants
Q. Allows production of thousands of plants in short duration
C. Somatic Hybridisation
R. Fusion of isolated naked protoplasts
D. Micro-propagation
S. Reduces reliance on chemical pesticides
[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-S, D-Q
A-P, B-S, C-R, D-Q
A-R, B-S, C-P, D-Q
Correct Option: C [ A-P, B-S, C-R, D-Q ]
Remark: A. One of the three options for increasing food production is genetically engineered crop-based agriculture. B. Pest-resistant crops reduce reliance on chemical pesticides. C. Somatic hybridisation is the process of fusing isolated naked protoplasts from two different varieties. D. Micro-propagation is the method of producing thousands of plants through tissue culture in a very short duration.
Match the transgenic organism/product in List-I with its description/feature in List-II:
List-I (Organism/Product)
List-II (Description/Feature)
A. Rosie
P. Produced 2.4 grams per litre of human protein-enriched milk
B. Transgenic Mice
Q. Constitute over 95 per cent of all existing transgenic animals
C. Alpha-lactalbumin
R. Makes milk nutritionally a more balanced product for human babies
D. Alpha-1-antitrypsin
S. Used to treat emphysema
[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]
A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]
Remark: A. Rosie produced human protein-enriched milk at a rate of 2.4 grams per litre. B. Transgenic mice constitute over 95 per cent of all existing transgenic animals. C. The human alpha-lactalbumin in Rosie's milk made it nutritionally more balanced for human babies. D. Alpha-1-antitrypsin is a human protein produced by transgenic animals and used to treat emphysema.
Match the human diseases in List-I with the corresponding transgenic animal models/products in List-II:
List-I (Disease)
List-II (Related Application)
A. Emphysema
P. Model exists to investigate new treatments
B. Cystic Fibrosis
Q. Treated by transgenic production of alpha-1-antitrypsin
C. Cancer
R. Transgenic model exists to study gene contribution
D. Phenylketonuria (PKU)
S. Attempts are being made for its treatment using transgenic animals
[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-Q, B-R, C-S, D-P
A-R, B-Q, C-S, D-P
Correct Option: A [ A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S ]
Remark: A. Emphysema is treated using the human protein alpha-1-antitrypsin produced by transgenic animals. B. Transgenic models exist for cystic fibrosis, allowing investigation of new treatments. C. Transgenic animals serve as models to understand how genes contribute to the development of cancer. D. Similar attempts as alpha-1-antitrypsin production are being made for the treatment of PKU (Phenylketonuria).
Match the ADA gene therapy steps/components in List-I with their description in List-II:
List-I (Component/Step)
List-II (Action/Status)
A. Gene therapy (first clinical)
P. Given in 1990 to a 4-year old girl
B. Lymphocytes (engineered)
Q. Requires periodic infusion into the patient
C. Permanent cure for ADA
R. Achieved if the ADA gene is introduced at early embryonic stages
D. ADA deficiency cause
S. Deletion of the gene for adenosine deaminase
[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]
A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]
Remark: A. The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year old girl with ADA deficiency. B. Since engineered lymphocytes are not immortal, the patient requires periodic infusion. C. Introducing the ADA gene into cells at an early embryonic stage could serve as a permanent cure. D. ADA deficiency is caused due to the deletion of the gene for adenosine deaminase.
Match the Bt Toxin genes in List-I with their specific target pests in List-II:
List-I (Bt Gene)
List-II (Target Pest)
A. *cryIAc*
P. Controls corn borer
B. *cryIAb*
Q. Controls cotton bollworms
C. *cryIIAb*
R. Controls cotton bollworms
D. Dipterans
S. Insects killed by certain strains of *Bacillus thuringiensis*
[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]
A-R, B-P, C-Q, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-R, B-Q, C-P, D-S
A-P, B-Q, C-S, D-R
Correct Option: A [ A-R, B-P, C-Q, D-S ]
Remark: A. The gene *cryIAc* controls cotton bollworms. B. The gene *cryIAb* controls the corn borer. C. The gene *cryIIAb* controls cotton bollworms. D. Dipterans (flies, mosquitoes) are among the insects killed by the proteins produced by *Bacillus thuringiensis* (Bt).
Match the components and features of tissue culture in List-I with their roles in List-II:
List-I (Component/Feature)
List-II (Role/Example)
A. Sucrose
P. Capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell/explant
B. Explant
Q. Provides carbon source in the nutrient medium
C. Micro-propagation
R. Any part of a plant grown under sterile conditions
D. Totipotency
S. Production of thousands of genetically identical plants
[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]
A-Q, B-R, C-S, D-P
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-R, B-Q, C-P, D-S
A-S, B-P, C-R, D-Q
Correct Option: A [ A-Q, B-R, C-S, D-P ]
Remark: A. Sucrose is required in the nutrient medium to provide a carbon source. B. Explant is any part of a plant taken out and grown in a test tube under sterile conditions. C. Micro-propagation is the method of producing thousands of plants in short durations, which are somaclones. D. Totipotency is the capacity of an explant or single cell to generate a whole plant.
Match the molecular diagnostic techniques in List-I with their basis/use in List-II:
List-I (Technique/Method)
List-II (Basis/Use)
A. PCR
P. Used routinely to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients
B. ELISA
Q. Based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction
C. Radioactive Probe
R. Will not hybridise to a mutated gene (lack of complementarity)
D. Conventional Diagnosis
S. Early detection is not possible
[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]
A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]
Remark: A. PCR is now routinely used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients and mutations in cancer patients. B. ELISA is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction. C. A radioactive probe will not have complementarity with a mutated gene, thus failing to hybridise. D. Using conventional methods (serum/urine analysis), early detection of pathogens is generally not possible.
Match the applications of biotechnology in List-I with their context in List-II:
List-I (Application Area)
List-II (Context/Product)
A. Therapeutics
P. Mass production of safe and effective drugs
B. Bioremediation
Q. Used to purify the protein/organic compound
C. Downstream processing
R. Application area involving waste treatment
D. Diagnostics
S. Techniques like PCR and ELISA
[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-R, B-P, C-Q, D-S
A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-S, B-R, C-P, D-Q
Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S ]
Remark: A. Therapeutics deals with the mass production of safe and more effective recombinant drugs. B. Bioremediation and waste treatment are among the applications of biotechnology. C. Downstream processing technologies are critical research areas to purify the final protein or organic compound. D. Diagnostics uses techniques such as PCR and ELISA for early disease detection.
Match the goal of transgenic animal production in List-I with the specific example in List-II:
List-I (Goal)
List-II (Example/Factor)
A. Vaccine safety testing
P. Replacement for use of monkeys
B. Studying development
Q. Insulin-like growth factor
C. Toxicity testing
R. Animals made more sensitive to substances
D. Production of biologicals
S. Human alpha-lactalbumin in milk
[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]
A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-R, B-Q, C-S, D-P
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]
Remark: A. Transgenic mice could replace the use of monkeys for testing the safety of the polio vaccine. B. Transgenic animals are used to study complex factors involved in growth and development, such as insulin-like growth factor. C. Transgenic animals are designed to be more sensitive to toxic substances, allowing faster results in chemical safety testing. D. Transgenic cow Rosie produced milk containing the human protein alpha-lactalbumin.
Match the concepts of RNA interference (RNAi) in List-I with their function/source in List-II:
List-I (RNAi Component)
List-II (Role/Source)
A. RNAi
P. Method of cellular defense in eukaryotes
B. dsRNA
Q. Silences specific mRNA by preventing its translation
C. *Meloidegyne incognitia*
R. Nematode that infects tobacco roots, targeted by RNAi
D. Transposons
S. Mobile genetic elements that can be a source of complementary RNA
[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]
A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]
Remark: A. RNAi (RNA interference) takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense. B. The complementary dsRNA molecule binds to and prevents the translation of the specific mRNA (silencing). C. *Meloidegyne incognitia* is a nematode that causes great reduction in tobacco plant yield and is controlled by RNAi. D. Transposons (mobile genetic elements) or RNA viruses are potential sources of the complementary RNA that initiates RNAi.
