Match the ethical/legal terms in List-I with their related descriptions in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-R, B-P, C-Q, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-S, B-R, C-Q, D-P
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Biopiracy is the use of bio-resources without compensatory payment or proper authorization.
B. The Basmati patent was obtained by an American company through the US Patent and Trademark Office in 1997.
C. Traditional knowledge related to bio-resources is rich in developing and underdeveloped countries.
D. The Indian Parliament recently cleared the second amendment of the Indian Patents Bill to address ethical issues.

Match the features of recombinant insulin production in List-I with their context in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-R, C-P, D-S
• A-R, B-Q, C-S, D-P
Correct Option: A  [ A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. In mammals, insulin is synthesised as a pro-hormone.
B. The C peptide is the extra stretch present in pro-insulin that is removed during maturation.
C. Mature insulin consists of two polypeptide chains, A and B, linked by disulphide bridges.
D. Eli Lilly produced chains A and B separately in E. coli and then extracted and combined them by creating disulphide bonds.

Match the research areas of biotechnology in List-I with their focus in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-R, B-P, C-Q, D-S
• A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A  [ A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. One critical research area is providing the best catalyst in the form of an improved organism or pure enzyme.
B. A second critical research area is creating optimal conditions through engineering for a catalyst to act.
C. Downstream processing technologies are critical for purifying the final protein/organic compound.
D. Biotechnology essentially deals with industrial scale production of biopharmaceuticals and biologicals.

Match the agricultural strategies in List-I with their description/limitation in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-S, C-Q, D-R
• A-R, B-S, C-Q, D-P
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. The Green Revolution succeeded in tripling the food supply.
B. Agro-chemical based agriculture is one of the three options for increasing food production.
C. Conventional breeding failed to provide sufficiently fast and efficient systems for crop improvement.
D. Organic agriculture is one of the three options that can be thought of for increasing food production.

Match the GM crop benefits in List-I with the corresponding outcome in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-R, B-S, C-P, D-Q
• A-S, B-R, C-P, D-Q
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Genetic modification has made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses (cold, drought, salt, heat).
B. GM crops are pest-resistant, which has reduced reliance on chemical pesticides.
C. GM has increased the efficiency of mineral usage by plants, preventing early exhaustion of soil fertility.
D. GM has enhanced the nutritional value of food, exemplified by golden rice, which is Vitamin ‘A’ enriched rice.

Match the insect groups in List-I with their characteristic pest examples in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
• A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Bt proteins kill lepidopterans, such as the tobacco budworm and armyworm.
B. Bt proteins kill coleopterans, such as beetles.
C. Bt proteins kill dipterans, such as flies and mosquitoes.
D. Cotton bollworms are controlled by the proteins encoded by the genes *cryIAc* and *cryIIAb*.

Match the plant tissue culture steps/products in List-I with their context in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
• A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Somatic hybridisation is the process of fusing isolated naked protoplasts from two different plant varieties.
B. An explant is any part of a plant taken out and grown in a test tube.
C. Plants produced by micro-propagation are genetically identical to the original plant and are called somaclones.
D. Pomato resulted from the fusion and growth of potato and tomato protoplasts.

Match the Bt Toxin process steps in List-I with their corresponding locations/outcomes in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
• A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. The Bt toxin protein exists as inactive protoxins within the bacterium *Bacillus thuringiensis*.
B. The inactive toxin is converted to active form due to the alkaline pH of the insect gut.
C. The activated toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells.
D. Pore creation leads to cell swelling and lysis, causing the insect's death.

Match the applications in List-I with their general descriptions in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
• A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. Gene therapy allows correction of a gene defect by inserting a normal gene into a person’s cells.
B. Diagnostics uses techniques like ELISA and PCR for early detection.
C. Biopharmaceuticals are products of industrial scale production using genetically modified organisms.
D. Transgenic animals have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene.

Match the plant types/components in List-I with their respective qualities/origins in List-II:

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
• A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
• A-P, B-R, C-Q, D-S
• A-S, B-Q, C-R, D-P
Correct Option: A  [ A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S ]

Remark: A. The meristem is free of virus even if the plant is infected, allowing recovery of healthy plants.
B. Protoplasts are naked cells (cell walls digested) used in somatic hybridisation.
C. GMOs are plants whose genes have been altered by manipulation.
D. Bt corn is an example of a GM crop containing a cloned Bt toxin gene for pest resistance.