Match List-I with List-II regarding HGP methodologies.
List-I (Method)
List-II (Description)
A. Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs)
I. Sequencing the whole genome (coding and non-coding)
B. Sequence Annotation
II. Identifying genes expressed as RNA
C. BAC/YAC
III. Automated DNA sequencing principle
D. Sanger Method
IV. Vectors for cloning large DNA fragments
ESTs focus on sequencing genes expressed as RNA. Sequence Annotation involves sequencing the entire genome and assigning functions. BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) and YAC (Yeast Artificial Chromosome) are vectors. The Sanger Method is the principle used for automated DNA sequencing.
Question 602 of 668
📘 CLASS XII
Match List-I with List-II regarding DNA Fingerprinting terms.
List-I (Term)
List-II (Definition)
A. VNTR
I. Separation of DNA based on size
B. Probe
II. Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (Mini-satellite)
C. Southern Blotting
III. Radioactive single-stranded DNA for detection
D. Gel Electrophoresis
IV. Transfer of DNA to synthetic membrane
VNTRs are mini-satellite sequences used as markers. A Probe is a radioactive single-stranded DNA sequence. Southern Blotting transfers DNA from gel to membrane. Gel Electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size.
Question 603 of 668
📘 CLASS XII
Match List-I with List-II regarding Genome sizes.
List-I (Organism)
List-II (Size)
A. Bacteriophage Phi X 174
I. 4.6 x 10^6 bp
B. Bacteriophage Lambda
II. 3.3 x 10^9 bp
C. E. coli
III. 5386 nucleotides
D. Human (Haploid)
IV. 48502 bp
Phi X 174 has 5386 nucleotides (ssDNA). Lambda phage has 48502 bp. E. coli has 4.6 million bp. Haploid human genome is 3.3 billion bp.
Question 604 of 668
📘 CLASS XII
Match List-I with List-II regarding Bonds in Biomolecules.
List-I (Bond)
List-II (Location)
A. N-Glycosidic bond
I. Between adjacent nucleotides
B. Phosphodiester bond
II. Between complementary bases
C. Hydrogen bond
III. Between Sugar and Nitrogenous Base
D. Peptide bond
IV. Between Amino acids
N-Glycosidic bonds link the base to sugar. Phosphodiester bonds link nucleotides in the backbone. Hydrogen bonds link base pairs. Peptide bonds link amino acids.
Question 605 of 668
📘 CLASS XII
Match List-I with List-II regarding Codons.
List-I (Codon)
List-II (Function/Amino Acid)
A. AUG
I. Stop Codon (Ochre)
B. UAA
II. Phenylalanine
C. UUU
III. Start Codon, Methionine
D. UGA
IV. Stop Codon (Opal)
AUG is the Start Codon (Methionine). UAA and UGA are Stop Codons. UUU codes for Phenylalanine.
Question 606 of 668
📘 CLASS XII
Match List-I with List-II regarding RNA types.
List-I (RNA)
List-II (Role)
A. mRNA
I. Structural and catalytic role
B. tRNA
II. Template for protein synthesis
C. rRNA
III. Adapter molecule
D. hnRNA
IV. Precursor to mRNA
mRNA is the template. tRNA is the adapter. rRNA is structural/catalytic. hnRNA is the primary transcript precursor.
Question 607 of 668
📘 CLASS XII
Match List-I with List-II regarding Nitrogenous Bases.
List-I (Base)
List-II (Description)
A. Adenine
I. Pyrimidine in DNA and RNA
B. Cytosine
II. Purine
C. Thymine
III. Pyrimidine in DNA only (5-methyl uracil)
D. Uracil
IV. Pyrimidine in RNA only
Adenine is a Purine. Cytosine is a Pyrimidine in both nucleic acids. Thymine is in DNA only. Uracil is in RNA only.
Question 608 of 668
📘 CLASS XII
Match List-I with List-II regarding Scientists.
List-I (Scientist)
List-II (Work)
A. Alec Jeffreys
I. Lac Operon
B. Frederick Sanger
II. DNA Sequencing
C. Jacob & Monod
III. DNA Fingerprinting
D. Har Gobind Khorana
IV. Artificial synthesis of RNA
Jeffreys developed Fingerprinting. Sanger developed Sequencing. Jacob & Monod elucidated Lac Operon. Khorana synthesized RNA homopolymers/copolymers.
Question 609 of 668
📘 CLASS XII
Match List-I with List-II regarding DNA Forms.
List-I (DNA Form)
List-II (Characteristic)
A. B-DNA
I. Left-handed helix
B. Z-DNA
II. Most common, Right-handed
C. A-DNA
III. Dehydrated form, Right-handed
B-DNA is the standard Watson-Crick right-handed helix. Z-DNA is a left-handed helix. A-DNA is a right-handed form observed under dehydration.
Question 610 of 668
📘 CLASS XII
Match List-I with List-II regarding Genetic Code Deciphering.
List-I (Scientist)
List-II (Contribution)
A. George Gamow
I. Cell-free system for protein synthesis
B. Marshall Nirenberg
II. Proposed triplet code
C. Severo Ochoa
III. Polynucleotide Phosphorylase enzyme
Gamow proposed the triplet nature. Nirenberg developed the cell-free system. Severo Ochoa discovered the enzyme for template-independent RNA synthesis.
