NEET MCQs Practice on Molecular Basis of Inheritance Class-XII Biology, Free unlimited practice on Molecular Basis of Inheritance Class-XII Biology Mcqs

Match List-I with List-II regarding HGP methodologies.

List-I (Method)	List-II (Description)
A. Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs)	I. Sequencing the whole genome (coding and non-coding)
B. Sequence Annotation	II. Identifying genes expressed as RNA
C. BAC/YAC	III. Automated DNA sequencing principle
D. Sanger Method	IV. Vectors for cloning large DNA fragments

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

Correct Option: A [ A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III ]

Remark: ESTs focus on sequencing genes expressed as RNA. Sequence Annotation involves sequencing the entire genome and assigning functions. BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) and YAC (Yeast Artificial Chromosome) are vectors. The Sanger Method is the principle used for automated DNA sequencing.

Match List-I with List-II regarding DNA Fingerprinting terms.

List-I (Term)	List-II (Definition)
A. VNTR	I. Separation of DNA based on size
B. Probe	II. Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (Mini-satellite)
C. Southern Blotting	III. Radioactive single-stranded DNA for detection
D. Gel Electrophoresis	IV. Transfer of DNA to synthetic membrane

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV

Correct Option: A [ A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I ]

Remark: VNTRs are mini-satellite sequences used as markers. A Probe is a radioactive single-stranded DNA sequence. Southern Blotting transfers DNA from gel to membrane. Gel Electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size.

Match List-I with List-II regarding Genome sizes.

List-I (Organism)	List-II (Size)
A. Bacteriophage Phi X 174	I. 4.6 x 10^6 bp
B. Bacteriophage Lambda	II. 3.3 x 10^9 bp
C. E. coli	III. 5386 nucleotides
D. Human (Haploid)	IV. 48502 bp

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV

Correct Option: A [ A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II ]

Remark: Phi X 174 has 5386 nucleotides (ssDNA). Lambda phage has 48502 bp. E. coli has 4.6 million bp. Haploid human genome is 3.3 billion bp.

Match List-I with List-II regarding Bonds in Biomolecules.

List-I (Bond)	List-II (Location)
A. N-Glycosidic bond	I. Between adjacent nucleotides
B. Phosphodiester bond	II. Between complementary bases
C. Hydrogen bond	III. Between Sugar and Nitrogenous Base
D. Peptide bond	IV. Between Amino acids

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

Correct Option: A [ A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV ]

Remark: N-Glycosidic bonds link the base to sugar. Phosphodiester bonds link nucleotides in the backbone. Hydrogen bonds link base pairs. Peptide bonds link amino acids.

Match List-I with List-II regarding Codons.

List-I (Codon)	List-II (Function/Amino Acid)
A. AUG	I. Stop Codon (Ochre)
B. UAA	II. Phenylalanine
C. UUU	III. Start Codon, Methionine
D. UGA	IV. Stop Codon (Opal)

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV

Correct Option: A [ A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV ]

Remark: AUG is the Start Codon (Methionine). UAA and UGA are Stop Codons. UUU codes for Phenylalanine.

Match List-I with List-II regarding RNA types.

List-I (RNA)	List-II (Role)
A. mRNA	I. Structural and catalytic role
B. tRNA	II. Template for protein synthesis
C. rRNA	III. Adapter molecule
D. hnRNA	IV. Precursor to mRNA

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

Correct Option: A [ A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV ]

Remark: mRNA is the template. tRNA is the adapter. rRNA is structural/catalytic. hnRNA is the primary transcript precursor.

Match List-I with List-II regarding Nitrogenous Bases.

List-I (Base)	List-II (Description)
A. Adenine	I. Pyrimidine in DNA and RNA
B. Cytosine	II. Purine
C. Thymine	III. Pyrimidine in DNA only (5-methyl uracil)
D. Uracil	IV. Pyrimidine in RNA only

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II

Correct Option: A [ A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV ]

Remark: Adenine is a Purine. Cytosine is a Pyrimidine in both nucleic acids. Thymine is in DNA only. Uracil is in RNA only.

Match List-I with List-II regarding Scientists.

List-I (Scientist)	List-II (Work)
A. Alec Jeffreys	I. Lac Operon
B. Frederick Sanger	II. DNA Sequencing
C. Jacob & Monod	III. DNA Fingerprinting
D. Har Gobind Khorana	IV. Artificial synthesis of RNA

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Correct Option: A [ A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV ]

Remark: Jeffreys developed Fingerprinting. Sanger developed Sequencing. Jacob & Monod elucidated Lac Operon. Khorana synthesized RNA homopolymers/copolymers.

Match List-I with List-II regarding DNA Forms.

List-I (DNA Form)	List-II (Characteristic)
A. B-DNA	I. Left-handed helix
B. Z-DNA	II. Most common, Right-handed
C. A-DNA	III. Dehydrated form, Right-handed

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

A-II, B-I, C-III
A-I, B-II, C-III
A-II, B-III, C-I
A-III, B-II, C-I

Correct Option: A [ A-II, B-I, C-III ]

Remark: B-DNA is the standard Watson-Crick right-handed helix. Z-DNA is a left-handed helix. A-DNA is a right-handed form observed under dehydration.

Match List-I with List-II regarding Genetic Code Deciphering.

List-I (Scientist)	List-II (Contribution)
A. George Gamow	I. Cell-free system for protein synthesis
B. Marshall Nirenberg	II. Proposed triplet code
C. Severo Ochoa	III. Polynucleotide Phosphorylase enzyme

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

A-II, B-I, C-III
A-I, B-II, C-III
A-II, B-III, C-I
A-III, B-II, C-I

Correct Option: A [ A-II, B-I, C-III ]

Remark: Gamow proposed the triplet nature. Nirenberg developed the cell-free system. Severo Ochoa discovered the enzyme for template-independent RNA synthesis.

Molecular Basis of Inheritance: Class-XII

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