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Molecular Basis of Inheritance: Class-XII


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MCQs on Molecular Basis of Inheritance: Class-XII for NEET Practice


Match List-I with List-II regarding mutations.

List-I (Mutation Type)List-II (Effect)
A. Point MutationI. Frame shift of the reading frame
B. Insertion of 1 baseII. Example: Sickle Cell Anemia (GAG to GUG)
C. Deletion of 3 basesIII. No change in reading frame (Amino acid deleted)
D. Silent MutationIV. No change in amino acid sequence

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

  • A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
  • A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
  • A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
  • A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
    • Correct Option: A  [ A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV ]

    Remark: Point mutation involves a single base change, such as in Sickle Cell Anemia (GAG to GUG). Insertion of 1 base causes a Frame shift. Deletion of 3 bases removes a whole codon/amino acid but does not shift the reading frame. Silent mutations result in no change to the amino acid sequence,,.

Match List-I with List-II regarding Satellite DNA types.

List-I (Type)List-II (Characteristics)
A. Satellite DNAI. VNTRs (0.1 to 20 kb size)
B. Mini-satelliteII. Bulk of repetitive DNA (peaks in centrifugation)
C. Micro-satelliteIII. STRs (Short Tandem Repeats, very small)

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

  • A-II, B-I, C-III
  • A-I, B-II, C-III
  • A-II, B-III, C-I
  • A-III, B-I, C-II
    • Correct Option: A  [ A-II, B-I, C-III ]

    Remark: Satellite DNA forms the bulk of repetitive DNA and appears as separate peaks in density centrifugation. Mini-satellites correspond to VNTRs (0.1-20 kb). Micro-satellites correspond to STRs (Short Tandem Repeats),,.

Match List-I with List-II regarding Codons and their functions.

List-I (Codon)List-II (Function/Amino Acid)
A. AUGI. Stop Codon (Ochre/Amber/Opal)
B. UUUII. Phenylalanine
C. UAA, UAG, UGAIII. Start Codon, Methionine

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

  • A-III, B-II, C-I
  • A-I, B-III, C-II
  • A-III, B-I, C-II
  • A-II, B-I, C-III
    • Correct Option: A  [ A-III, B-II, C-I ]

    Remark: AUG is the Start codon and codes for Methionine. UUU codes for Phenylalanine. UAA, UAG, and UGA are the three Stop codons,.

Match List-I with List-II regarding HGP Data.

List-I (Feature)List-II (Data)
A. Chromosome 1I. Fewest genes (231)
B. Chromosome YII. Largest gene (2.4 million bases)
C. Dystrophin GeneIII. Most genes (2968)
D. Protein coding genomeIV. Less than 2 percent

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

  • A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
  • A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
  • A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
  • A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
    • Correct Option: A  [ A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV ]

    Remark: Chromosome 1 has the most genes (2968). Chromosome Y has the fewest genes (231). The Dystrophin gene is the largest with 2.4 million base pairs. Less than 2% of the genome codes for proteins,.

Match List-I with List-II regarding Lac Operon Components.

List-I (Component)List-II (Function)
A. Inducer (Lactose)I. Binding site for RNA Polymerase
B. RepressorII. Binds to Operator to block transcription
C. OperatorIII. Binding site for Repressor
D. PromoterIV. Binds to Repressor to inactivate it

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

  • A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
  • A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
  • A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
  • A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
    • Correct Option: A  [ A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I ]

    Remark: Lactose acts as the Inducer by binding to the Repressor and inactivating it. The Repressor protein normally binds to the Operator region to block transcription. The Operator is the specific binding site for the Repressor. The Promoter is where RNA Polymerase binds,.

Match List-I with List-II regarding DNA Packaging.

List-I (Component)List-II (Description)
A. Histone OctamerI. Linker histone
B. H1 HistoneII. Core of 8 molecules (H2A, H2B, H3, H4)
C. EuchromatinIII. Densely packed, transcriptionally inactive
D. HeterochromatinIV. Loosely packed, transcriptionally active

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

  • A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
  • A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
  • A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
  • A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
    • Correct Option: A  [ A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III ]

    Remark: The Histone Octamer is the core unit of the nucleosome (8 molecules). H1 Histone acts as the linker. Euchromatin is loosely packed and active. Heterochromatin is densely packed and inactive,,.

Match List-I with List-II regarding DNA Dimensions.

List-I (Dimension)List-II (Value)
A. Pitch of HelixI. 0.34 nm
B. Distance between base pairsII. 3.4 nm (34 Angstrom)
C. Base pairs per turnIII. 2.2 meters
D. Length of DNA in human cellIV. 10

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

  • A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
  • A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
  • A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
  • A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
    • Correct Option: A  [ A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III ]

    Remark: The pitch of the DNA helix is 3.4 nm. The distance between base pairs is 0.34 nm. There are 10 base pairs per turn. The length of DNA in a human diploid cell is approx 2.2 meters,.

Match List-I with List-II regarding Transcription Unit.

List-I (Part)List-II (Description)
A. PromoterI. Located at 5-prime end (upstream) of coding strand
B. TerminatorII. Strand with same sequence as RNA (except T/U)
C. Coding StrandIII. Located at 3-prime end (downstream) of coding strand
D. Template StrandIV. Strand with 3-prime to 5-prime polarity

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

  • A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
  • A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
  • A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
  • A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
    • Correct Option: A  [ A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV ]

    Remark: The Promoter is located at the 5-prime end (upstream). The Terminator is at the 3-prime end (downstream). The Coding Strand has the same sequence as RNA. The Template Strand has 3-prime to 5-prime polarity and guides synthesis,.
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