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Molecular Basis of Inheritance: Class-XII


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MCQs on Molecular Basis of Inheritance: Class-XII for NEET Practice


Match List-I with List-II regarding Split Gene Arrangement.

List-I (Part)List-II (Fate)
A. ExonsI. Spliced together, Expressed
B. IntronsII. Removed during splicing, Intervening

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

  • A-I, B-II
  • A-II, B-I
  • A-I, B-I
  • A-II, B-II
    • Correct Option: A  [ A-I, B-II ]

    Remark: Exons are the expressed sequences kept in mRNA. Introns are removed.

Match List-I with List-II regarding DNA vs RNA Mutability.

List-I (Molecule)List-II (Mutation Rate)
A. DNAI. Slow, Stable
B. RNAII. Fast, Unstable

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

  • A-I, B-II
  • A-II, B-I
  • A-I, B-I
  • A-II, B-II
    • Correct Option: A  [ A-I, B-II ]

    Remark: DNA mutates slowly due to high stability. RNA mutates faster due to instability.

Match List-I with List-II regarding Nucleotide Composition.

List-I (Molecule)List-II (Components)
A. NucleosideI. Sugar + Base
B. NucleotideII. Sugar + Base + Phosphate

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

  • A-I, B-II
  • A-II, B-I
  • A-I, B-I
  • A-II, B-II
    • Correct Option: A  [ A-I, B-II ]

    Remark: Nucleoside = Sugar + Base. Nucleotide = Nucleoside + Phosphate.

Match List-I with List-II regarding Base Pairing.

List-I (Pair)List-II (Bonds)
A. A-TI. 2 Hydrogen Bonds
B. G-CII. 3 Hydrogen Bonds

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

  • A-I, B-II
  • A-II, B-I
  • A-I, B-I
  • A-II, B-II
    • Correct Option: A  [ A-I, B-II ]

    Remark: A pairs with T via 2 H-bonds. G pairs with C via 3 H-bonds.

Match List-I with List-II regarding DNA Replication Speed.

List-I (Parameter)List-II (Value in E. coli)
A. Replication timeI. ~18-20 minutes
B. Rate of polymerizationII. 2000 bp per second

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

  • A-I, B-II
  • A-II, B-I
  • A-I, B-I
  • A-II, B-II
    • Correct Option: A  [ A-I, B-II ]

    Remark: E. coli replicates in ~18-20 mins (division time 20 min). The polymerase works at ~2000 bp/sec.

Match List-I with List-II regarding Polymerase Specificity.

List-I (Enzyme)List-II (Template -> Product)
A. DNA dependent DNA polymeraseI. DNA -> DNA
B. DNA dependent RNA polymeraseII. DNA -> RNA
C. Reverse TranscriptaseIII. RNA -> DNA

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

  • A-I, B-II, C-III
  • A-II, B-I, C-III
  • A-I, B-III, C-II
  • A-III, B-II, C-I
    • Correct Option: A  [ A-I, B-II, C-III ]

    Remark: DNA pol makes DNA from DNA. RNA pol makes RNA from DNA. Reverse transcriptase makes DNA from RNA.

Match List-I with List-II regarding Genetic Code Wobble.

List-I (Position)List-II (Feature)
A. Third base of codonI. Wobble position (less specific)
B. First two basesII. Highly specific

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

  • A-I, B-II
  • A-II, B-I
  • A-I, B-I
  • A-II, B-II
    • Correct Option: A  [ A-I, B-II ]

    Remark: The third base is often the wobble base, allowing degeneracy where changes often don't alter the amino acid.

Match List-I with List-II regarding Sickle Cell Anemia.

List-I (Change)List-II (Result)
A. DNA SequenceI. GAG to GUG
B. Amino AcidII. Glutamic Acid to Valine

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

  • A-I, B-II
  • A-II, B-I
  • A-I, B-I
  • A-II, B-II
    • Correct Option: A  [ A-I, B-II ]

    Remark: In Sickle Cell Anemia, the DNA/RNA codon changes from GAG to GUG, causing Glutamic Acid to be replaced by Valine.

Match List-I with List-II regarding the Lac Operon genes and their products.

List-I (Gene)List-II (Product)
A. z geneI. Repressor protein
B. y geneII. Transacetylase
C. a geneIII. Beta-galactosidase
D. i geneIV. Permease

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

  • A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
  • A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
  • A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
  • A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
    • Correct Option: A  [ A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I ]

    Remark: In the Lac Operon: The z gene codes for Beta-galactosidase, which hydrolyzes lactose. The y gene codes for Permease, which increases the permeability of the cell to lactose. The a gene codes for Transacetylase. The i gene (inhibitor) codes for the Repressor protein,.

Match List-I with List-II regarding methodologies used in the Human Genome Project (HGP).

List-I (Term)List-II (Description)
A. ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags)I. Vectors for cloning large DNA fragments
B. Sequence AnnotationII. Sequencing only genes expressed as RNA
C. BAC and YACIII. Principle used for automated sequencing
D. Sanger MethodIV. Sequencing whole genome (coding & non-coding)

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

  • A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
  • A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
  • A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III
  • A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
    • Correct Option: A  [ A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III ]

    Remark: ESTs involve sequencing only those genes that are expressed as RNA. Sequence Annotation is the blind approach of sequencing the whole genome (coding and non-coding) and then assigning functions. BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) and YAC (Yeast Artificial Chromosome) are vectors used for cloning. The Sanger Method is the principle behind automated DNA sequencing,,,.
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