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Molecular Basis of Inheritance MCQs
Class XII Biology
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NCERT Based
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NEET Practice
📘 Concept Based
📝 Exam Level
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668 questions in this chapter
Question 631 of 668
📘 CLASS XII
Match List-I with List-II regarding Chargaff Rules.
| List-I (Equality) | List-II (Significance) |
| A. A = T | I. Base pairing ratio |
| B. Purines = Pyrimidines | II. Total bases balance |
| C. A+G = T+C | III. Constant diameter |
A equals T refers to the specific base pairing. Purines equal Pyrimidines ensures the total balance and constant diameter of the helix.
Question 632 of 668
📘 CLASS XII
Match List-I with List-II regarding Transcription Factors.
| List-I (Factor) | List-II (Function in Prokaryotes) |
| A. Sigma | I. Start signal recognition |
| B. Rho | II. Termination signal recognition |
Sigma factor recognizes the promoter (start). Rho factor facilitates termination.
Question 633 of 668
📘 CLASS XII
Match List-I with List-II regarding Types of Mutations.
| List-I (Type) | List-II (Effect on Frame) |
| A. Insertion of 1 base | I. Frame Shift |
| B. Deletion of 1 base | II. Frame Shift |
| C. Insertion of 3 bases | III. Non-Frame Shift (Amino acid insertion) |
Insertion or deletion of 1 base causes a frame shift. Insertion of 3 bases adds an amino acid but preserves the downstream reading frame.
Question 634 of 668
📘 CLASS XII
Match List-I with List-II regarding Ribosomal Subunits (Prokaryotes).
| List-I (Subunit) | List-II (Role in Initiation) |
| A. Smaller Subunit | I. Binds to Shine-Dalgarno sequence |
| B. Larger Subunit | II. Joins later to form complete ribosome |
The smaller subunit binds to the mRNA first (Shine-Dalgarno). The larger subunit joins subsequently.
Question 635 of 668
📘 CLASS XII
Match List-I with List-II regarding Lac Operon Status.
| List-I (Condition) | List-II (Result) |
| A. Lactose Absent | I. Repressor binds Operator (Switch Off) |
| B. Lactose Present | II. Repressor inactivated by Inducer (Switch On) |
No lactose means the Repressor is active and binds the Operator (Off). Presence of lactose inactivates the Repressor (On).
Question 636 of 668
📘 CLASS XII
Match List-I with List-II regarding Human Genome Project Data.
| List-I (Category) | List-II (Fact) |
| A. Protein Coding Genes | I. Less than 2 percent |
| B. Repetitive DNA | II. Makes up large portion of genome |
| C. Total number of genes | III. Approximately 30,000 |
Less than 2% of the genome codes for proteins. Repetitive DNA is abundant. Total gene count is approx 30,000.
Question 637 of 668
📘 CLASS XII
Match List-I with List-II regarding VNTRs.
| List-I (Feature) | List-II (Description) |
| A. Size | I. 0.1 to 20 kb |
| B. Category | II. Minisatellite |
| C. Usage | III. DNA Fingerprinting marker |
VNTR size ranges from 0.1 to 20 kb. It is a Minisatellite. It is used as a marker in DNA fingerprinting.
Question 638 of 668
📘 CLASS XII
Match List-I with List-II regarding RNA Polarity.
| List-I (End) | List-II (Group) |
| A. 5-prime end | I. Phosphate group |
| B. 3-prime end | II. Hydroxyl (OH) group |
The 5-prime end has a free phosphate group. The 3-prime end has a free hydroxyl group.
Question 639 of 668
📘 CLASS XII
Match List-I with List-II regarding DNA replication requirements.
| List-I (Requirement) | List-II (Source) |
| A. Substrates | I. dNTPs (Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates) |
| B. Energy | II. dNTPs (High energy bonds) |
dNTPs serve dual purposes: they act as substrates for polymerization and provide energy for the reaction.
Question 640 of 668
📘 CLASS XII
Match List-I with List-II regarding Transcription Unit Promoters.
| List-I (Feature) | List-II (Location) |
| A. Upstream | I. 5-prime end of coding strand |
| B. Downstream | II. 3-prime end of coding strand |
Upstream corresponds to the 5-prime end (Promoter). Downstream corresponds to the 3-prime end (Terminator).
