Match the features of the cloning vector pBR322 (List-I) with their characteristic function (List-II):

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
• A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
• A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
• A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II
Correct Option: A  [ A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV ]

Remark: The *tetR* gene confers tetracycline resistance, which is inactivated by insertion at BamH I [30, 29, II].
The *ampR* gene confers ampicillin resistance, used to select transformants in the first plating step [30, 31, III].
The *rop* gene codes for proteins involved in plasmid replication [31, I].
BamH I is a restriction site where foreign DNA can be ligated [29, IV].

Match the restriction sites in List-I with their general location relative to the genes in the pBR322 vector (List-II), based on Figure 9.4:

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• A-II, B-I, C-III, D-III
• A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-I
• A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
• A-II, B-I, C-III, D-III
Correct Option: D  [ A-II, B-I, C-III, D-III ]

Remark: BamH I is located within the *tetR* gene. Pst I is shown within the *ampR* gene. EcoR I and Hind III are typically shown in a region useful for cloning but outside the antibiotic genes themselves, often used to linearize the plasmid. Since both C and D map to general cloning areas, we map them to III based on general position shown in Figure 9.4 context.

Match the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) step in List-I with the corresponding process or outcome in List-II:

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
• A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
• A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II
• A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
Correct Option: A  [ A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV ]

Remark: Denaturation is induced by high temperature to separate dsDNA.
Primer annealing involves primers binding to the DNA.
Extension involves DNA polymerase extending the primers.
Amplification, repeated many times, yields approximately 1 billion copies.

Match the type of cell in List-I with the corresponding enzyme used to break the cell open during DNA isolation (List-II):

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
• A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
• A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
• A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
Correct Option: A  [ A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV ]

Remark: Bacterial cells are treated with lysozyme.
Plant cells are treated with cellulase.
Fungal cells are treated with chitinase.
Animal cells/tissue do not have a cell wall, hence no specific wall-breaking enzyme is listed in the source.

Match the bioreactor systems in List-I with the parameter they are designed to manage or control in List-II:

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
• A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
• A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
• A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
Correct Option: A  [ A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV ]

Remark: The agitator system facilitates mixing and oxygen availability.
The foam control system manages foam.
The temperature control system manages temperature.
The oxygen delivery system ensures oxygen availability.

Match the DNA feature/element in List-I with its result or function in List-II:

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
• A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
• A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II
• A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
Correct Option: A  [ A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I ]

Remark: When alien DNA integrates into the genome, it multiplies and is inherited [10, II].
Plasmid DNA acts as a vector to transfer DNA [13, III].
Sticky ends form hydrogen bonds with complementary ends, facilitating DNA ligase action [21, IV].
Mosquito acts as an insect vector to transfer the malarial parasite [13, I].

Match the enzyme in List-I with its function or common reference in List-II:

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
• A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
• A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
• A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
Correct Option: A  [ A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV ]

Remark: DNA ligase links cut DNA molecules [14, II].
Restriction endonucleases are molecular scissors [13, I].
E. coli DNA polymerase is used by recombinant DNA for replication in the host [14, III].
Ribonuclease removes RNA from the preparation [41, IV].

Match the treatment component in List-I related to making host cells competent with its effect in List-II:

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
• A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
• A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
• A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
Correct Option: A  [ A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II ]

Remark: Divalent cations like $ ext{Ca}^{2+}$ increase DNA entry efficiency through cell wall pores [36, III].
The combination of ice and heat shock forces the bacteria to take up the DNA [37, IV].
DNA is hydrophilic, preventing it from passing through cell membranes easily [36, I].
The entire process sequence aims to make the bacterial cell competent [36, II].

Match the vector type or element (List-I) with its natural or engineered action in List-II:

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
• A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
• A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
• A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
Correct Option: A  [ A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV ]

Remark: The Ti plasmid is modified for gene delivery into plants [35, I].
Retroviruses naturally transform animal cells into cancerous cells [34, II].
T-DNA is delivered to transform plant cells into a tumor [34, III].
Disarmed retroviruses are used to deliver genes into animal cells [35, IV].

Match the DNA element in List-I with its function related to replication and multiplication in List-II:

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
• A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
• A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
• A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
Correct Option: A  [ A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV ]

Remark: Alien DNA needs to be linked with ori to replicate [11, II].
A chromosome has the ability to replicate, allowing integrated alien DNA to be inherited [10, III].
Plasmids and bacteriophages replicate independent of chromosomal DNA [25, I].
Ori is the specific sequence responsible for initiating replication [11, IV].