Match the features of the cloning vector pBR322 (List-I) with their characteristic function (List-II):
List-I (Gene/Site)
List-II (Feature/Antibiotic)
A. tetR gene
I. Gene involved in the replication of the plasmid
B. ampR gene
II. Ligation of foreign DNA at BamH I site inactivates this resistance
C. rop gene
III. Selectable marker; transformants selected on medium containing this antibiotic
D. BamH I site
IV. Restriction site where foreign DNA can be ligated
The *tetR* gene confers tetracycline resistance, which is inactivated by insertion at BamH I [30, 29, II]. The *ampR* gene confers ampicillin resistance, used to select transformants in the first plating step [30, 31, III]. The *rop* gene codes for proteins involved in plasmid replication [31, I]. BamH I is a restriction site where foreign DNA can be ligated [29, IV].
Question 372 of 535
📘 CLASS XII
Match the restriction sites in List-I with their general location relative to the genes in the pBR322 vector (List-II), based on Figure 9.4:
List-I (Restriction Site)
List-II (Location in pBR322 - based on Figure 9.4)
A. BamH I
I. In or near ampR gene
B. Pst I
II. In or near tetR gene
C. EcoR I
III. Outside antibiotic resistance genes/In cloning region
D. Hind III
IV. In or near rop gene
BamH I is located within the *tetR* gene. Pst I is shown within the *ampR* gene. EcoR I and Hind III are typically shown in a region useful for cloning but outside the antibiotic genes themselves, often used to linearize the plasmid. Since both C and D map to general cloning areas, we map them to III based on general position shown in Figure 9.4 context.
Question 373 of 535
📘 CLASS XII
Match the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) step in List-I with the corresponding process or outcome in List-II:
List-I (PCR Step)
List-II (Process/Action)
A. Denaturation
I. DNA polymerase extends the primers
B. Primer Annealing
II. Uses high temperature to separate double stranded DNA
C. Extension of Primers
III. Two sets of chemically synthesised oligonucleotides bind to template
D. Amplification
IV. Achieves synthesis of approximately 1 billion copies of DNA segment
Denaturation is induced by high temperature to separate dsDNA. Primer annealing involves primers binding to the DNA. Extension involves DNA polymerase extending the primers. Amplification, repeated many times, yields approximately 1 billion copies.
Question 374 of 535
📘 CLASS XII
Match the type of cell in List-I with the corresponding enzyme used to break the cell open during DNA isolation (List-II):
List-I (Target Cell Type)
List-II (Enzyme Used for Lysis)
A. Bacterial Cells
I. Cellulase
B. Plant Cells
II. Lysozyme
C. Fungal Cells
III. Chitinase
D. Animal Tissue
IV. No specific cell wall enzyme mentioned
Bacterial cells are treated with lysozyme. Plant cells are treated with cellulase. Fungal cells are treated with chitinase. Animal cells/tissue do not have a cell wall, hence no specific wall-breaking enzyme is listed in the source.
Question 375 of 535
📘 CLASS XII
Match the bioreactor systems in List-I with the parameter they are designed to manage or control in List-II:
List-I (Control System)
List-II (Parameter Controlled)
A. Agitator System
I. Foam
B. Foam Control System
II. Mixing and Oxygen availability
C. Temperature Control System
III. Heat
D. Oxygen Delivery System
IV. Oxygen levels (sparging)
The agitator system facilitates mixing and oxygen availability. The foam control system manages foam. The temperature control system manages temperature. The oxygen delivery system ensures oxygen availability.
Question 376 of 535
📘 CLASS XII
Match the DNA feature/element in List-I with its result or function in List-II:
List-I (DNA Feature)
List-II (Result/Consequence)
A. Integration into genome
I. Transfer of malarial parasite into human body
B. Plasmid DNA vector
II. Alien DNA can multiply and be inherited along with host DNA
C. Sticky Ends
III. Acts as a vehicle to transfer the piece of DNA attached to it
D. Mosquito Vector
IV. Form hydrogen bonds with complementary cut counterparts, facilitating ligation
When alien DNA integrates into the genome, it multiplies and is inherited [10, II]. Plasmid DNA acts as a vector to transfer DNA [13, III]. Sticky ends form hydrogen bonds with complementary ends, facilitating DNA ligase action [21, IV]. Mosquito acts as an insect vector to transfer the malarial parasite [13, I].
Question 377 of 535
📘 CLASS XII
Match the enzyme in List-I with its function or common reference in List-II:
List-I (Enzyme)
List-II (Common Name/Action)
A. DNA Ligase
I. Cuts DNA at specific locations (Molecular Scissors)
B. Restriction Endonuclease
II. Joins cut DNA molecules (Molecular Glue)
C. DNA Polymerase
III. Replicates DNA using the host's enzyme (E. coli)
D. Ribonuclease
IV. Used to remove RNA from DNA preparation
DNA ligase links cut DNA molecules [14, II]. Restriction endonucleases are molecular scissors [13, I]. E. coli DNA polymerase is used by recombinant DNA for replication in the host [14, III]. Ribonuclease removes RNA from the preparation [41, IV].
Question 378 of 535
📘 CLASS XII
Match the treatment component in List-I related to making host cells competent with its effect in List-II:
List-I (Treatment Component)
List-II (Result/Purpose)
A. Divalent Cation (e.g., $ ext{Ca}^{2+}$)
I. Hydrophilic property of DNA
B. Heat Shock (42°C)
II. Makes the bacterial cell competent to take up DNA
C. Inability of DNA to cross membrane
III. Increases the efficiency with which DNA enters the bacterium through cell wall pores
D. Ice incubation before and after heat shock
IV. Forces the bacteria to take up the recombinant DNA
Divalent cations like $ ext{Ca}^{2+}$ increase DNA entry efficiency through cell wall pores [36, III]. The combination of ice and heat shock forces the bacteria to take up the DNA [37, IV]. DNA is hydrophilic, preventing it from passing through cell membranes easily [36, I]. The entire process sequence aims to make the bacterial cell competent [36, II].
Question 379 of 535
📘 CLASS XII
Match the vector type or element (List-I) with its natural or engineered action in List-II:
List-I (Vector Source/Type)
List-II (Natural/Engineered Action)
A. Ti plasmid
I. Modified for gene delivery into a variety of plants
B. Retroviruses
II. Naturally transform normal animal cells into cancerous cells
C. $ ext{T-DNA}$
III. Piece of DNA delivered to transform plant cells into a tumor
D. Disarmed Retroviruses
IV. Used to deliver desirable genes into animal cells
The Ti plasmid is modified for gene delivery into plants [35, I]. Retroviruses naturally transform animal cells into cancerous cells [34, II]. T-DNA is delivered to transform plant cells into a tumor [34, III]. Disarmed retroviruses are used to deliver genes into animal cells [35, IV].
Question 380 of 535
📘 CLASS XII
Match the DNA element in List-I with its function related to replication and multiplication in List-II:
List-I (DNA Element)
List-II (Requirement for Multiplication)
A. Alien Piece of DNA
I. Autonomous replication property
B. Chromosome
II. Needs to be linked with the origin of replication
C. Plasmid/Bacteriophage DNA
III. Has the ability to replicate (needed for inheritance)
D. Origin of replication
IV. Specific DNA sequence responsible for initiating replication
Alien DNA needs to be linked with ori to replicate [11, II]. A chromosome has the ability to replicate, allowing integrated alien DNA to be inherited [10, III]. Plasmids and bacteriophages replicate independent of chromosomal DNA [25, I]. Ori is the specific sequence responsible for initiating replication [11, IV].
