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Biotechnology : Principles and Processes: Class-XII


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MCQs on Biotechnology : Principles and Processes: Class-XII for NEET Practice


Assertion (A):
Downstream processing is a crucial step that follows the biosynthetic stage in biotechnology.
Reason (R):
Downstream processing includes separation, purification, formulation with preservatives, clinical trials, and strict quality control testing of the product.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

  • (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
  • Correct Option: B  [ B ]

    Remark: A is True: Downstream processing occurs after the product is synthesized.
    R is True: R lists the various components of downstream processing and quality control. While R details the contents of A, it does not explain *why* A is necessary, making it an expansion of A rather than a causal explanation.

Assertion (A):
To isolate pure DNA for cutting by restriction enzymes, animal cells must be treated with enzymes like lysozyme and chitinase.
Reason (R):
Enzymes are required because the DNA is contained within cell membranes and needs to be released from other macromolecules like RNA and proteins.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

  • (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
  • Correct Option: D  [ D ]

    Remark: A is False: Lysozyme is used for bacterial cells and chitinase for fungal cells. Animal tissues are simply broken open; specific enzymes for animal cell walls/membranes are not listed here as being required in the same way.
    R is True: The fundamental reason for using any lysis technique is to break the cells open and release DNA from surrounding macromolecules.

Assertion (A):
Restriction enzymes cut DNA strands in a particular fashion, which leaves single-stranded ‘sticky ends’ on the strands.
Reason (R):
These clipped ends make pasting together pieces of DNA from different sources a precise exercise.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

  • (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
  • Correct Option: A  [ A ]

    Remark: A is True: Restriction enzymes cut the DNA specifically, creating sticky ends.
    R is True: The utility of sticky ends is that they facilitate the precise joining (pasting) of DNA pieces. R explains A.

Assertion (A):
Plasmid DNA acts as a vector to transfer an alien piece of DNA into the host organism.
Reason (R):
Plasmids are naturally occurring autonomously replicating circular extra-chromosomal DNA found in bacterial cells.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

  • (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
  • Correct Option: B  [ B ]

    Remark: A is True: Plasmids are used as vectors to ferry DNA.
    R is True: Plasmids are autonomously replicating circular extra-chromosomal DNA. R defines the vector, but does not explain *why* it acts as a vector (which is its ability to link and replicate alien DNA).

Assertion (A):
The first step in genetically modifying an organism is the identification of DNA with desirable genes.
Reason (R):
The major utility of the biological world, historically, has been only as a source of food.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

  • (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
  • Correct Option: C  [ C ]

    Remark: A is True: Identification of DNA with desirable genes is the first basic step in genetic modification.
    R is False: While historical utility included food, the overall approach also developed technologies for human comfort and welfare.

Assertion (A):
Genetic engineering techniques are necessary to overcome the limitations of traditional hybridisation procedures.
Reason (R):
Traditional hybridisation often leads to the inclusion and multiplication of undesirable genes along with the desired genes, which genetic engineering prevents.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

  • (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
  • Correct Option: A  [ A ]

    Remark: A is True: Genetic engineering overcomes the limitations of traditional breeding.
    R is True: R details the specific limitation of traditional breeding (undesirable gene inclusion), which directly explains why the techniques in A were needed.

Assertion (A):
The Roman number following the name of a restriction enzyme, such as $EcoRI$, indicates the order in which the enzyme was isolated from that strain of bacteria.
Reason (R):
The letter 'R' in the name $EcoRI$ is derived from the genus of the prokaryotic cell from which it was isolated.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

  • (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
  • Correct Option: C  [ C ]

    Remark: A is True: Roman numerals indicate the order of isolation from the strain.
    R is False: The letter 'R' is derived from the name of the *strain* (RY 13), while the genus is represented by the first letter (E).

Assertion (A):
Genes encoding resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin or tetracycline are useful selectable markers for E. coli because normal E. coli cells naturally carry resistance against these antibiotics.
Reason (R):
A selectable marker helps in identifying and eliminating non-transformants while permitting the selective growth of the transformants.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

  • (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
  • Correct Option: D  [ D ]

    Remark: A is False: Normal E. coli cells do *not* carry resistance against these antibiotics.
    R is True: This is the defined function of a selectable marker.

Assertion (A):
Cloning vectors must have very few, preferably single, recognition sites for commonly used restriction enzymes.
Reason (R):
The presence of multiple recognition sites within the vector will generate several fragments, which will complicate the gene cloning procedure.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

  • (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
  • Correct Option: A  [ A ]

    Remark: A is True: Vectors need single recognition sites.
    R is True: Multiple sites complicate cloning by fragmenting the vector. R explains why A is necessary.

Assertion (A):
In insertional inactivation, colonies of non-recombinants carrying the intact $eta$-galactosidase gene appear white in the presence of a chromogenic substrate.
Reason (R):
The intact $eta$-galactosidase gene results in enzyme synthesis which converts the chromogenic substrate into a blue product.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

  • (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
  • Correct Option: D  [ D ]

    Remark: A is False: Non-recombinant colonies, having the active $eta$-galactosidase, appear *blue*. Recombinants do not produce color.
    R is True: Intact gene produces the enzyme, yielding the blue product.