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Biotechnology : Principles and Processes: Class-XII


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MCQs on Biotechnology : Principles and Processes: Class-XII for NEET Practice


Assertion (A):
Retroviruses are modified and used as vectors to deliver desirable genes into animal cells.
Reason (R):
Retroviruses in animals have the natural ability to transform normal cells into cancerous cells, which provided the knowledge base for generating useful gene delivery tools.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

  • (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
  • Correct Option: A  [ A ]

    Remark: A is True: Disarmed retroviruses are used to deliver genes into animal cells.
    R is True: Their natural transformation ability provided the basis for developing these vectors. R explains the origin of the tool described in A.

Assertion (A):
The tumor inducing (Ti) plasmid of Agrobacterium tumifaciens is used in its natural, pathogenic form as a cloning vector for gene delivery into dicot plants.
Reason (R):
Agrobacterium tumifaciens is a pathogen that naturally delivers T-DNA to transform normal plant cells into a tumor.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

  • (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
  • Correct Option: D  [ D ]

    Remark: A is False: The Ti plasmid must be *modified* into a cloning vector, making it non-pathogenic, before use.
    R is True: Agrobacterium is a dicot pathogen that uses T-DNA to induce tumors.

Assertion (A):
To isolate pure DNA from animal tissue, the cells must be treated with enzymes like cellulase and chitinase.
Reason (R):
Cell walls and membranes must be broken open to release DNA along with other macromolecules like RNA and proteins.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

  • (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
  • Correct Option: D  [ D ]

    Remark: A is False: Cellulase is used for plant cells and chitinase for fungal cells.
    R is True: Breaking the cell open is necessary to release the DNA and other macromolecules.

Assertion (A):
Purified DNA ultimately precipitates out of the solution after the addition of chilled ethanol.
Reason (R):
The precipitated DNA is collected by cutting the DNA bands out of the agarose gel and extracting them through a process called elution.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

  • (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
  • Correct Option: C  [ C ]

    Remark: A is True: DNA precipitates in chilled ethanol as fine threads.
    R is False: Elution is the process of extracting DNA fragments from the agarose gel piece. The removal of precipitated DNA threads is called spooling.

Assertion (A):
The technique of bioprocess engineering requires the maintenance of a sterile ambience in chemical engineering processes.
Reason (R):
Maintaining sterility ensures the growth of only the desired microbe or eukaryotic cell in large quantities for manufacturing biotechnological products like antibiotics and vaccines.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

  • (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
  • Correct Option: A  [ A ]

    Remark: A is True: Maintenance of sterile ambience is core to bioprocess engineering.
    R is True: The goal of maintaining sterility is specifically to allow only the desired organism to grow and produce the product. R explains A.

Assertion (A):
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) synthesizes multiple copies of the DNA of interest in vitro.
Reason (R):
The reaction uses two sets of primers, which are small chemically synthesised oligonucleotides complementary to regions of the DNA template.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

  • (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
  • Correct Option: B  [ B ]

    Remark: A is True: PCR is an in vitro amplification technique.
    R is True: Primers are small, complementary, chemically synthesised oligonucleotides. R describes the tools but does not explain the necessity of the repeating cycles (denaturation/annealing/extension) that makes the high amplification possible (A).

Assertion (A):
A vector should be chosen based on its origin of replication to recover a desired number of copies of the target DNA.
Reason (R):
The origin of replication sequence is responsible for controlling the copy number of the linked DNA.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

  • (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
  • Correct Option: A  [ A ]

    Remark: A is True: Vector choice depends on the desired copy number.
    R is True: The ori sequence specifically controls the copy number. R explains the functional basis for the strategic choice mentioned in A.

Assertion (A):
During gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments move towards the cathode (negative electrode) because they are negatively charged molecules.
Reason (R):
The most commonly used matrix for separation is agarose, a natural polymer extracted from sea weeds, which provides a sieving effect.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

  • (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
  • Correct Option: D  [ D ]

    Remark: A is False: DNA is negatively charged and moves towards the *anode* (positive electrode).
    R is True: Agarose gel, extracted from sea weeds, is the common matrix that separates DNA fragments by size (sieving effect).

Assertion (A):
Pure DNA fragments in an agarose gel can be seen easily in visible light after staining with ethidium bromide.
Reason (R):
The separated DNA fragments must be stained with ethidium bromide and exposed to UV radiation, where they appear as bright orange bands.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

  • (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
  • Correct Option: D  [ D ]

    Remark: A is False: Pure DNA fragments cannot be seen in visible light and without UV exposure.
    R is True: Ethidium bromide staining followed by UV exposure yields bright orange bands.

Assertion (A):
Downstream processing must be applied to all biotechnological products after the biosynthetic stage.
Reason (R):
This processing is mandatory as it includes separation, purification, formulation with preservatives, and strict quality control testing of the product before marketing.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

  • (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • (D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
  • Correct Option: A  [ A ]

    Remark: A is True: Downstream processing is crucial following biosynthesis.
    R is True: R lists the steps that make DSP mandatory, including quality control, formulation, and purification. R explains A.