Use of an artificial kidney during hemodialysis may
result in:
(A) Nitrogenous waste build-up in the body
(B) Non-elimination of excess potassium ions
(C) Reduced absorption of calcium ions from gastrointestinal tract
(D) Reduced RBC production
Which of the following options is the most
appropiate?
AI-generated explanation. Check against your textbook.
Explanation:
Use of an artificial kidney (hemodialysis) removes nitrogenous wastes and excess ions from the blood, so it does not cause waste build-up (A) or non-elimination of potassium (B). NCERT explains that kidney disease can disturb vitamin D activation, leading to reduced calcium absorption from the gut, and kidney failure lowers erythropoietin production, reducing RBC production (D). Thus, (C) and (D) are considered correct in this context.
🧠 Did You Know?
In kidney disease, less erythropoietin is made, so doctors sometimes give synthetic EPO to treat anemia associated with reduced RBC production.
💡 NCERT Memory Line:
Kidney failure affects vitamin D activation and erythropoietin production, which can alter calcium absorption and red blood cell formation.
Which of the following glucose transporters is insulin-dependent?
AI-generated explanation. Check against your textbook.
Explanation:
GLUT4 is the glucose transporter that responds to insulin. In adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, insulin triggers the movement of GLUT4 from inside the cell to the cell membrane, increasing glucose uptake. This makes GLUT4 the insulin-dependent transporter. The other options are insulin-independent: GLUT1 is found in many tissues including red blood cells, GLUT2 in liver, kidney, and intestine, and GLUT3 in many tissues. Therefore, GLUT4 (Option 3) is the correct choice.
🧠 Did You Know?
When insulin levels fall, GLUT4 is withdrawn from the membrane, reducing glucose uptake in muscle and fat cells.
💡 NCERT Memory Line:
Insulin-Dependent GLUT4 is present in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle and moves to the membrane in response to insulin.
AI-generated explanation. Check against your textbook.
Explanation:
The incorrect statement is option 2. In NCERT, yeasts are described as unicellular fungi that reproduce by budding; they do not have filamentous bodies with long threadlike hyphae. Hyphae are characteristic of molds. Hence, saying yeasts have filamentous bodies with long hyphae is false. The other statements are true: Morels and truffles are edible fungi; Claviceps produces ergot alkaloids and related compounds (from which some drugs are derived, historically linked to LSD); Conidia are produced exogenously (on conidiophores) while ascospores are formed inside an ascus (endogenously).
🧠 Did You Know?
Yeasts are widely used in baking and fermentation due to their unicellular nature and budding reproduction.
💡 NCERT Memory Line:
Yeasts: unicellular fungi; molds: filamentous with hyphae; ascospores: inside ascus; conidia: exogenously on conidiophores.