When a cell is broken open to release DNA, it also releases other macromolecules such as RNA, proteins, polysaccharides, and:

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• Lipids
• Salts
• Water
• Vitamins
Correct Option: A  [ Lipids ]

Remark: Breaking the cell open releases DNA along with other macromolecules such as RNA, proteins, polysaccharides and also lipids.

Genes are located on long molecules of DNA intertwined with proteins such as:

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• Lipids
• Enzymes
• Histones
• Ribosomes
Correct Option: C  [ Histones ]

Remark: Genes are located on long molecules of DNA intertwined with proteins such as histones.

Restriction enzyme digestions are performed by incubating purified DNA molecules with the restriction enzyme at:

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• Random conditions
• Boiling conditions
• Optimal conditions for that specific enzyme
• Freezing conditions
Correct Option: C  [ Optimal conditions for that specific enzyme ]

Remark: Restriction enzyme digestions are performed at the optimal conditions for that specific enzyme.

The enzyme DNA polymerase extends the primers in PCR using the genomic DNA as a:

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• Primer
• Template
• Vector
• Ligase
Correct Option: B  [ Template ]

Remark: The enzyme extends the primers using the genomic DNA as template.

In almost all recombinant technologies, the ultimate aim is to produce a desirable:

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• Carbohydrate
• Lipid
• Protein
• Nucleic acid
Correct Option: C  [ Protein ]

Remark: In almost all recombinant technologies, the ultimate aim is to produce a desirable protein.

The need for the development of bioreactors arose because small volume cultures cannot yield:

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• Pure DNA fragments
• Transformed cells
• Appreciable quantities of products
• Competent host cells
Correct Option: C  [ Appreciable quantities of products ]

Remark: Small volume cultures cannot yield appreciable quantities of products, necessitating bioreactors for large-scale production.

A stirred-tank bioreactor is usually cylindrical or with a curved base primarily to facilitate:

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• Sterile environment
• Foam control
• Mixing of the reactor contents
• Temperature regulation
Correct Option: C  [ Mixing of the reactor contents ]

Remark: A stirred-tank reactor is usually cylindrical or with a curved base to facilitate the mixing of the reactor contents.

Which component of a bioreactor allows small volumes of the culture to be withdrawn periodically for monitoring?

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• Agitator system
• Oxygen delivery system
• Sampling ports
• pH control system
Correct Option: C  [ Sampling ports ]

Remark: Bioreactors include sampling ports so that small volumes of the culture can be withdrawn periodically.

Which entity provided the definition: ‘The integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts thereof, and molecular analogues for products and services’?

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• UNESCO
• European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB)
• World Health Organization (WHO)
• Rene Descartes
Correct Option: B  [ European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) ]

Remark: The European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) gave this encompassing definition.

In the convention for naming restriction enzymes, EcoRI comes from the bacterial strain:

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• K-12
• B/r
• RY 13
• C-19
Correct Option: C  [ RY 13 ]

Remark: EcoRI comes from Escherichia coli RY 13.