Restriction enzyme digestions are performed by incubating purified DNA molecules with the restriction enzyme, at the _________ conditions for that specific enzyme.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• random
• boiling
• optimal
• freezing
Correct Option: C  [ optimal ]

Remark: Digestions are performed at the optimal conditions for that specific enzyme.

Primers used in PCR are small chemically synthesised _________ that are complementary to the regions of DNA.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• proteins
• nucleotides
• oligonucleotides
• macromolecules
Correct Option: C  [ oligonucleotides ]

Remark: Primers are small chemically synthesized oligonucleotides.

The enzyme DNA polymerase extends the primers in PCR using the nucleotides provided in the reaction and the genomic DNA as a _________.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• primer
• template
• vector
• ligase
Correct Option: B  [ template ]

Remark: The enzyme extends primers using genomic DNA as a template.

After transformation, untransformed recipient cells will _________ if spread on agar plates containing the antibiotic for which the recombinant DNA bears resistance.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• grow rapidly
• die
• mutate
• remain dormant
Correct Option: B  [ die ]

Remark: Untransformed recipient cells will die on antibiotic-containing plates.

In almost all recombinant technologies, the ultimate aim is to produce a desirable _________.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• carbohydrate
• lipid
• protein
• nucleic acid
Correct Option: C  [ protein ]

Remark: The ultimate aim in almost all recombinant technologies is to produce a desirable protein.

Small volume cultures cannot yield appreciable quantities of products, necessitating the development of _________ for large-scale production.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• laboratories
• shaker flasks
• bioreactors
• incubators
Correct Option: C  [ bioreactors ]

Remark: Bioreactors are needed to process large volumes of culture.

A stirred-tank bioreactor is usually cylindrical or with a _________ base to facilitate the mixing of the reactor contents.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• flat
• square
• curved
• conical
Correct Option: C  [ curved ]

Remark: A stirred-tank reactor is usually cylindrical or with a curved base.

Besides an agitator system and an oxygen delivery system, a bioreactor must typically include a system for foam control, temperature control, pH control, and _________.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• DNA purification
• media recycling
• sampling ports
• gel electrophoresis
Correct Option: C  [ sampling ports ]

Remark: Bioreactors have sampling ports so that small volumes of the culture can be withdrawn periodically.

The integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts thereof, and molecular analogues for products and services is the definition given by the _________.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• UNESCO
• European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB)
• World Health Organization (WHO)
• Rene Descartes
Correct Option: B  [ European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) ]

Remark: The EFB has given this definition of biotechnology.

In the convention for naming restriction enzymes, EcoRI comes from *Escherichia coli* _________.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• K-12
• B/r
• RY 13
• C-19
Correct Option: C  [ RY 13 ]

Remark: EcoRI comes from Escherichia coli RY 13.