If cells are spread on agar plates containing ampicillin, only transformants will grow, and the ampicillin resistance gene acts as a _________.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• vector
• promoter
• selectable marker
• template
Correct Option: C  [ selectable marker ]

Remark: The antibiotic resistance gene acts as a selectable marker.

If any protein encoding gene is expressed in a heterologous host, it is called a _________ protein.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• native
• host
• recombinant
• mutated
Correct Option: C  [ recombinant ]

Remark: A protein encoding gene expressed in a heterologous host is called a recombinant protein.

In a continuous culture system, cells are maintained in their physiologically most active _________ phase to produce a larger biomass.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• lag
• stationary
• decline
• log/exponential
Correct Option: D  [ log/exponential ]

Remark: Maintaining cells in the log/exponential phase produces a larger biomass leading to higher yields.

Bioreactors were developed to process large volumes of culture, typically between _________ litres.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• 10-50
• 50-100
• 100-1000
• 1000-5000
Correct Option: C  [ 100-1000 ]

Remark: Bioreactors process large volumes (100-1000 litres).

A bioreactor provides optimal growth conditions by controlling temperature, pH, substrate, salts, vitamins, and _________.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• pressure
• gravity
• oxygen
• UV light
Correct Option: C  [ oxygen ]

Remark: Optimal growth conditions provided include oxygen availability.

The most commonly used bioreactors are of the _________ type.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• shaker
• stirring
• batch
• continuous
Correct Option: B  [ stirring ]

Remark: The most commonly used bioreactors are of stirring type.

The stirrer in a bioreactor facilitates even mixing and _________ availability throughout the vessel.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• substrate
• temperature
• nutrient
• oxygen
Correct Option: D  [ oxygen ]

Remark: The stirrer facilitates even mixing and oxygen availability.

After the biosynthetic stage, the processes including separation and purification are collectively referred to as _________.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• bioprocess engineering
• upstream processing
• downstream processing
• quality control testing
Correct Option: C  [ downstream processing ]

Remark: Separation and purification processes are collectively referred to as downstream processing.

During downstream processing, the product has to be formulated with suitable _________.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• enzymes
• preservatives
• catalysts
• buffers
Correct Option: B  [ preservatives ]

Remark: The product has to be formulated with suitable preservatives.

Formulations intended as drugs must undergo thorough _________.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• patent analysis
• quality control testing
• clinical trials
• bioassays
Correct Option: C  [ clinical trials ]

Remark: Such formulation has to undergo thorough clinical trials as in case of drugs.