Strict _________ testing for each product is required after downstream processing.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• quality control
• bioassay
• concentration
• thermal stability
Correct Option: A  [ quality control ]

Remark: Strict quality control testing for each product is also required.

Physics and chemistry gave rise to engineering, technologies and industries which all worked for human comfort and _________.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• profit
• survival
• welfare
• control
Correct Option: C  [ welfare ]

Remark: Physics and chemistry gave rise to industries working for human comfort and welfare.

The major utility of the biological world is primarily as a source of _________.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• fuel
• shelter
• food
• energy
Correct Option: C  [ food ]

Remark: The major utility of the biological world is as a source of food.

Biotechnology is a twentieth-century off-shoot of modern biology that improved daily life primarily through qualitative improvement in health and _________ production.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• shelter
• food
• energy
• medicine
Correct Option: B  [ food ]

Remark: Biotechnology brought qualitative improvement in health and food production.

Genetic engineering techniques include creation of recombinant DNA, use of gene cloning, and gene _________.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• mapping
• sequencing
• transfer
• hybridization
Correct Option: C  [ transfer ]

Remark: Genetic engineering includes creation of recombinant DNA, use of gene cloning and gene transfer.

An alien piece of DNA transferred into an alien organism will most likely not be able to multiply itself unless it gets integrated into the _________ of the recipient.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• cytoplasm
• mitochondria
• genome
• cell wall
Correct Option: C  [ genome ]

Remark: When alien DNA gets integrated into the genome of the recipient, it may multiply and be inherited along with the host DNA.

The ability to multiply copies of antibiotic resistance gene in *E. coli* (after transformation) was called cloning of antibiotic resistance gene in _________.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• vector
• E. coli
• Salmonella
• bioreactor
Correct Option: B  [ E. coli ]

Remark: The multiplication ability was called cloning of antibiotic resistance gene in E. coli.

The separation and isolation of DNA fragments is a step in recombinant DNA technology performed after fragmentation by _________.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• DNA ligase
• polymerase enzymes
• restriction endonucleases
• exonucleases
Correct Option: C  [ restriction endonucleases ]

Remark: Fragmentation of DNA by restriction endonucleases precedes the separation and isolation of fragments.

The DNA is enclosed within membranes; thus, to release it, the cell must be broken open, along with other macromolecules such as RNA, proteins, polysaccharides and also _________.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• lipids
• salts
• water
• vitamins
Correct Option: A  [ lipids ]

Remark: Breaking the cell releases DNA along with RNA, proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids.

Genes are located on long molecules of DNA intertwined with proteins such as _________.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• lipids
• enzymes
• histones
• ribosomes
Correct Option: C  [ histones ]

Remark: Genes are on DNA intertwined with proteins such as histones.