Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production MCQs

Host crop plants resist insects through various characteristics. Read the statements below:

I. Solid stems in wheat lead to non-preference by the stem sawfly.
II. Hairy leaves in cotton are associated with resistance to the cereal leaf beetle.
III. Smooth-leaved and nectar-less cotton varieties do not attract bollworms.
IV. High aspartic acid, low nitrogen, and low sugar content in maize confer resistance to maize stem borers.

Choose the correct option.

Analyse the crop varieties bred by hybridisation and selection for pest resistance:

I. Pusa Gaurav is a variety of rapeseed mustard resistant to aphids.
II. Pusa Sem 2 and Pusa Sem 3 are varieties of flat bean resistant to jassids, aphids, and fruit borer.
III. Pusa Sawani and Pusa A-4 are varieties of Okra (Bhindi) resistant to shoot and fruit borer.
IV. All of these pest-resistant varieties were developed strictly through artificial radiation mutagenesis alone.

Select the correct option.

Regarding global nutrition and biofortification objectives, evaluate the following statements:

I. "Hidden hunger" refers to micronutrient, protein, and vitamin deficiencies affecting nearly three billion people globally.
II. Biofortification involves breeding crops with higher levels of vitamins and minerals, or higher protein and healthier fats.
III. Diets lacking essential micronutrients (like iron, vitamin A, iodine, and zinc) can reduce lifespan and mental abilities.
IV. Biofortification is undertaken with the sole objective of increasing the quantity of fats and carbohydrates in cereals.

Choose the correct option.

Evaluate which of the following statements are correct regarding biofortified crop lines:

I. In 2000, maize hybrids with twice the amount of lysine and tryptophan were successfully developed.
II. The high-protein wheat variety Atlas 66 has been used as a genetic donor for improving cultivated wheat.
III. It has been possible to develop an iron-fortified rice variety containing over ten times as much iron.
IV. Biofortification objectives focus on improving both the content and quality of proteins and oils in plants.

Select the correct statements.

Regarding Single Cell Protein (SCP) and the industrial cultivation of blue-green algae, analyze the statements below:

I. More than 25 per cent of the human population is suffering from hunger and malnutrition.
II. Spirulina can be grown easily on starch-rich potato wastewater, straw, molasses, manure, and sewage.
III. Cultivation of Spirulina increases environmental pollution due to the release of industrial organic effluents.
IV. Certain bacterial species like Methylophilus methylotrophus can produce 25 tonnes of protein due to a high biomass production rate.

Choose the correct option.

Evaluate the following statements regarding somatic hybridisation:

I. Protoplast isolation requires digesting the cell walls of isolated single plant cells.
II. Naked protoplasts are bound only by their cell walls.
III. Protoplasts from different plant varieties with desirable characters can be fused to get hybrid protoplasts.
IV. Somatic hybridisation refers to the fusion of male and female gametes in vitro.

Choose the correct option representing correct statements.

Regarding the nutrient medium used for in vitro plant regeneration:

I. It must provide a carbon source such as sucrose.
II. It must contain inorganic salts, vitamins, and amino acids.
III. Growth regulators like auxins and cytokinins are completely optional and only needed to prevent browning.
IV. Plant tissue culture is carried out under non-sterile field conditions to adapt the explants.

Identify the correct combination of statements.

Analyse the scientific basis of obtaining healthy plants from diseased parents:

I. Even in a virus-infected plant, the apical and axillary meristems are free of virus.
II. The meristem is typically more heavily infected by pathogens than the rest of the plant body.
III. Culturing the virus-free meristem in vitro yields healthy, virus-free plants.
IV. This technology has been successfully applied to culture the meristems of banana, sugarcane, and potato.

Select the option with correct statements.

Consider the following statements regarding clonal propagation through tissue culture:

I. Producing thousands of plants through tissue culture in short durations is called micropropagation.
II. Micropropagated plants are genetically identical to the original plant from which they were grown.
III. Genetically identical plants produced in tissue culture are termed somaclones.
IV. Micropropagation has been successfully used on a commercial scale for crops like tomato, banana, and apple.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Analyse the genetic strategy used to resolve inbreeding depression in livestock:

I. Continued close inbreeding reduces both fertility and productivity (inbreeding depression).
II. Inbreeding depression is caused by a drastic increase in heterozygosity.
III. Selected animals of the breeding population should be mated with unrelated superior animals of the same breed.
IV. A single outcross usually helps to restore fertility and yield.

Select the correct statements.