Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production MCQs

Analyse the fundamental steps of plant breeding programs:

I. Germplasm collection contains all the diverse alleles for all genes in a given crop.
II. Genetic variability is the root of any breeding program, often collected from wild relatives.
III. Parents selected from the germplasm are multiplied and used in cross-hybridisation.
IV. Purelines are never developed during parent selection to maintain high genetic diversity.

Which of the statements are correct?

Regarding the breeding of semi-dwarf rice varieties:

I. Semi-dwarf rice varieties were derived from IR-8 and Taichung Native-1.
II. IR-8 was developed at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines.
III. Taichung Native-1 was developed in Taiwan.
IV. Jaya and Ratna are semi-dwarf rice varieties developed in India and introduced in 1960.

Choose the correct option.

Analyse the factors behind India's Green Revolution in wheat:

I. Wheat production in India increased from 11 million tonnes to 75 million tonnes between 1960 and 2000.
II. This dramatic increase was triggered by the introduction of semi-dwarf wheat varieties.
III. Kalyan Sona and Sonalika are high-yielding, disease-resistant wheat varieties introduced in 1963.
IV. Norman E. Borlaug developed semi-dwarf wheat at IRRI in the Philippines.

Select the correct statements.

Evaluate the characteristics and hybridization of sugarcane species in India:

I. Saccharum barberi had poor sugar content and poor yield but grew well in North India.
II. Saccharum officinarum had thick stems and high sugar content but did not grow well in North India.
III. Crossing these two species successfully yielded varieties combining high sugar, thick stems, and North Indian adaptability.
IV. The hybrid sugarcane varieties could only be grown in South Indian tropical belts.

Choose the correct statements.

Match plant pathogens and their diseases according to NCERT classifications:

I. Late blight of potato, red rot of sugarcane, and brown rust of wheat are fungal diseases.
II. Black rot of crucifers is a bacterial disease.
III. Late blight of potato is a bacterial disease, while black rot of crucifers is fungal.
IV. Tobacco mosaic and turnip mosaic are caused by viral pathogens.

Choose the correct statements.

Match the crop varieties and their corresponding disease resistance:

I. Himgiri is a wheat variety resistant to leaf/stripe rust and hill bunt.
II. Pusa Swarnim (Karan rai) is a Brassica variety resistant to white rust.
III. Pusa Komal is a cowpea variety resistant to black rot.
IV. Pusa Sadabahar is a chilli variety resistant to Tobacco mosaic virus and Leaf curl.

Select the correct statements.

Regarding the principles of mutation breeding:

I. Mutations represent changes in the base sequence within genes that create new traits.
II. Mutations can be artificially induced using chemical mutagens or physical radiation like gamma rays.
III. In mung bean, resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew was successfully induced by mutations.
IV. Mutation breeding is only effective when crossing with wild relatives of the crop.

Choose the correct option.

Analyse the morphological features linked to insect pest resistance in host crops:

I. Hairy leaves are associated with resistance to jassids in cotton.
II. Hairy leaves are associated with resistance to the cereal leaf beetle in wheat.
III. Solid stems in wheat lead to non-preference by the stem sawfly.
IV. Smooth-leaved, nectar-rich cotton varieties attract bollworms.

Select the correct statements.

Evaluate the objectives and achievements of biofortification:

I. In 2000, maize hybrids with twice the amount of lysine and tryptophan were developed.
II. Atlas 66 is a high-protein wheat variety used as a donor for wheat improvement.
III. Iron-fortified rice has been developed containing over ten times as much iron.
IV. IARI New Delhi released vitamin A enriched spinach, carrots, and pumpkins.

Choose the correct option.

Analyze the biomass and protein capabilities of Single Cell Protein (SCP):

I. Spirulina is a blue-green alga that can be grown easily on starch wastewater, straw, and sewage.
II. Growing Spirulina reduces environmental pollution by utilizing organic waste.
III. Due to rapid growth and biomass production, 250 g of Methylophilus methylotrophus can produce 25 tonnes of protein.
IV. Methylophilus methylotrophus is a microscopic fungus that lives as an edible mushroom.

Select the correct statements.