Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production MCQs

Regarding the role of fisheries in the Indian economy, analyze these statements:

I. Catla, Rohu, and common carp represent very common freshwater food fishes in India.
II. Hilsa, Sardines, Mackerel, and Pomfrets are common marine fishes eaten in coastal regions.
III. Aquaculture and pisciculture techniques are used to increase the production of both fresh-water and marine plants and animals.
IV. The "Blue Revolution" refers to the flourish of the fishery industry and is implemented along the same lines as the "Green Revolution".

Choose the correct statements.

Evaluate the timeline and basic approaches of plant breeding:

I. Plant breeding is the purposeful manipulation of plant species to create desired plant types better suited for cultivation, giving better yields, and having disease resistance.
II. Classical plant breeding involves crossing/hybridisation of pure lines, followed by artificial selection.
III. Recorded evidence of plant breeding dates back 9,000 to 11,000 years ago.
IV. Today, all our major food crops are derived from domesticated varieties.

Select the correct statements.

Regarding the early stages of a plant breeding program, analyze these statements:

I. Germplasm collection represents the entire collection of plants/seeds having all the diverse alleles for all genes in a given crop.
II. Cross-hybridisation is highly efficient, with more than 50 per cent of completed crosses showing the desired combination of characteristics.
III. Evaluated parents with desirable characters are multiplied and used directly in hybridisation, creating purelines wherever possible.
IV. Progeny of crosses are self-pollinated for several generations to reach a state of heterozygosity.

Choose the correct option.

Analyse the final steps of commercialising a new crop variety:

I. Newly selected lines are evaluated by growing them in research fields under ideal fertilizer, irrigation, and crop management practices.
II. Evaluation in research fields is followed by testing the materials in farmers' fields for at least one growing season.
III. Farmers' field trials are conducted at several locations representing all the agroclimatic zones where the crop is grown.
IV. The crop material is evaluated in comparison to the best available local crop cultivar (check or reference cultivar).

Choose the correct statements.

Evaluate the varieties that triggered the Green Revolution in India:

I. Kalyan Sona and Sonalika are semi-dwarf, high-yielding, disease-resistant wheat varieties introduced in India in 1963.
II. Semi-dwarf wheat varieties were originally developed by Nobel laureate Norman E. Borlaug in Mexico.
III. Jaya and Ratna are improved semi-dwarf rice varieties developed in India.
IV. Semi-dwarf rice derivatives were first introduced in India in 1966, having been derived from IR-8 and Taichung Native-1.

Select the correct statements.

Analyse the characteristics and cross-breeding of sugarcane species:

I. Saccharum barberi had poor sugar content and poor yield, and was originally grown in North India.
II. Saccharum officinarum had thick stems and high sugar content but grew poorly in South India.
III. Crossing these two species combined high yield, thick stems, high sugar, and North Indian adaptability.
IV. The hybrid sugarcane varieties produced could be grown successfully in the North Indian sugarcane belt.

Select the correct option.

Regarding plant pathogens and disease classifications, evaluate these statements:

I. Brown rust of wheat, red rot of sugarcane, and late blight of potato are fungal diseases.
II. Black rot of crucifers is a viral disease.
III. Late blight of potato is a bacterial disease.
IV. Tobacco mosaic and turnip mosaic are caused by viral pathogens.

Choose the correct option.

Match the crop varieties and their disease resistances based on Table 9.1:

I. Pusa Swarnim (Karan rai) is a Brassica variety resistant to white rust.
II. Himgiri is a wheat variety resistant to leaf and stripe rust, and hill bunt.
III. Pusa Komal is a cowpea variety resistant to black rot.
IV. Pusa Sadabahar is a chilli variety resistant to Chilly mosaic virus, Tobacco mosaic virus, and Leaf curl.

Select the correct statements.

Evaluate the molecular basis and application of mutation breeding:

I. Mutation breeding is the process of creating genetic variations through changes in the base sequence within genes to create new traits.
II. It is possible to induce mutations artificially using chemicals or radiations such as gamma rays.
III. In mung bean, resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew was successfully induced by mutations.
IV. Mung bean resistance to powdery mildew was transferred via sexual hybridisation from a wild species.

Choose the correct option.

Examine the transfer of disease resistance from wild relatives in Okra:

I. Resistance to yellow mosaic virus in bhindi (Abelmoschus esculentus) was successfully transferred from a wild species.
II. This cross resulted in a new cultivated variety of A. esculentus called Pusa Gaurav.
III. The transfer of resistance genes from wild relatives is achieved by sexual hybridisation between target and source plants, followed by selection.
IV. Wild relatives of cultivated crops often possess resistant genes but have very low yields.

Which of the statements given above are correct?