Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production MCQs

Evaluate the following statements regarding the emergence and definition of tissue culture techniques:

I. Tissue culture got developed because traditional breeding techniques failed to provide sufficiently fast and efficient systems for crop improvement.
II. Whole plants can be successfully regenerated from explants under non-sterile field conditions.
III. An explant is defined as any part of a plant taken out and grown in a test tube under sterile conditions.
IV. Totipotency represents the cellular capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell or explant.

Choose the correct option representing correct statements.

Identify which of the following statements are correct regarding the formulation of a tissue culture nutrient medium:

I. The nutrient medium must provide a carbon source such as sucrose.
II. Inorganic salts, vitamins, and amino acids must be provided in the nutrient medium.
III. Growth regulators such as auxins and cytokinins must be provided to accomplish plant regeneration.
IV. Sugar is entirely optional in the medium because green explants can synthesize their own carbohydrates via photosynthesis in vitro.

Identify the correct combination of statements.

Analyze the following statements regarding large-scale tissue culture:

I. Micropropagation is the method of producing thousands of plants through tissue culture in very short durations.
II. Plants produced via micropropagation are genetically variable compared to the parent plant to introduce variety.
III. Plants grown through micropropagation are called somaclones because they are genetically identical to the original plant.
IV. Tomato, banana, and apple have been produced on a commercial scale using micropropagation.

Select the correct statements.

Regarding the elimination of pathogens from infected crop lines, evaluate these statements:

I. In a virus-infected plant, the meristem is typically infected with higher viral loads than the rest of the plant body.
II. Both apical and axillary meristems remain free of virus even when the plant itself is infected.
III. Healthy, virus-free plants can be recovered by removing the meristem and growing it in vitro.
IV. Scientists have successfully cultured meristems of banana, sugarcane, and potato.

Choose the correct option.

Examine the following statements about protoplast isolation in plants:

I. Single cells are isolated from plants and their cell walls are digested to obtain naked protoplasts.
II. Naked protoplasts are surrounded only by their plasma membranes.
III. Protoplasts must be isolated from two different species belonging to different taxonomic families to achieve successful fusion.
IV. Protoplasts from two different varieties of plants, each having a desirable character, can be fused to get hybrid protoplasts.

Select the correct option representing correct statements.

Analyze the history and genetic mechanism of the "Pomato":

I. Somatic hybrids are produced through the process of somatic hybridisation involving the fusion of isolated protoplasts.
II. A somatic hybrid plant called "pomato" was successfully created by fusing protoplasts of tomato and potato.
III. The pomato was a major commercial success due to having all the desired combination of characteristics.
IV. The pomato combined the characteristics of both tomato and potato.

Choose the correct statements.

Compare the definitions and genetic effects of animal breeding methods:

I. Inbreeding refers to the mating of closely related individuals within the same breed for 4–6 generations.
II. Cross-breeding is the mating of superior males of one breed with superior females of another breed.
III. Inbreeding decreases homozygosity, whereas out-crossing increases genetic heterozygosity.
IV. Interspecific hybridisation involves crossing male and female animals of two different related species.

Choose the correct option.

Regarding modern artificial breeding techniques in animal husbandry, evaluate these statements:

I. Semen collected for artificial insemination must be used immediately and cannot be transported or frozen.
II. Hisardale is a new breed of sheep developed in Punjab by crossing Bikaneri ewes and Marino rams.
III. A mule is a well-known example of interspecific hybridisation and holds considerable economic value.
IV. Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer (MOET) program utilizes FSH-like hormones to induce follicular maturation and superovulation.

Which of the statements are correct?

Analyze the handling of embryos and genetic mothers under the MOET program:

I. The superovulated genetic mother is either mated with an elite bull or artificially inseminated.
II. Fertilised eggs are recovered surgically at the 8–32 cell stage to prevent damage.
III. Recovered embryos are transferred non-surgically to surrogate mothers.
IV. Once embryos are transferred, the genetic mother is immediately available for another round of superovulation.

Select the correct statements.

Evaluate the requirements and pollination impacts of apiculture:

I. Apis indica is the most common species of honeybee reared in India.
II. Keeping beehives in crop fields during the flowering period decreases crop yields because bees damage the flower petals.
III. Bee-keeping is highly labor-intensive and requires significant continuous manual work.
IV. Honeybees are important pollinators of crop species like sunflower, Brassica, apple, and pear.

Choose the correct option.