Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production MCQs

Analyse how new crop varieties are tested and released:

I. Superior recombinants are self-pollinated for several generations until they reach heterozygosity.
II. Self-pollination of recombinants is done so that characters do not segregate in the progeny.
III. New cultivars are evaluated in farmers' fields for at least three growing seasons.
IV. Testing of new lines is conducted at several locations representing all the agroclimatic zones of the country.

Choose the correct statements.

Consider these economic and social statements regarding Indian agriculture:

I. Agriculture in India accounts for approximately 33 per cent of India's GDP.
II. The agricultural sector employs nearly 62 per cent of the Indian population.
III. India has an abundant surplus of land fit for cultivation, eliminating the need to increase yield per unit area.
IV. The Green Revolution was triggered by the introduction of chemical fertilizers alone without any genetic crop improvements.

Choose the correct option.

Regarding the development of high-yielding wheat, evaluate the following statements:

I. Semi-dwarf wheat varieties were developed by Nobel laureate Norman E. Borlaug in Mexico.
II. Kalyan Sona and Sonalika are semi-dwarf, disease-resistant wheat varieties introduced in India in 1963.
III. Kalyan Sona and Sonalika were derived directly from Taichung Native-1.
IV. Wheat production in India decreased from 1960 to 2000 due to over-reliance on chemical inputs.

Select the correct statements.

Examine the following statements about semi-dwarf rice development:

I. Semi-dwarf rice varieties were derived from IR-8, developed at IRRI, Philippines.
II. Taichung Native-1 is a semi-dwarf rice variety originating from Taiwan.
III. Jaya and Ratna are better-yielding semi-dwarf rice varieties developed in India.
IV. Semi-dwarf rice derivatives were first introduced in India in 1960.

Which statements are correct?

Evaluate the breeding history of sugarcane in India:

I. Saccharum barberi had high sugar content and thick stems and was originally grown in South India.
II. Saccharum officinarum had thick stems and high sugar content but did not grow well in North India.
III. These two species were crossed to combine high yield, thick stems and high sugar content.
IV. The hybrid varieties produced could not be grown in North Indian sugarcane belts.

Choose the correct statements.

Analyse the statements regarding Indian millets:

I. Millets developed in India include hybrid maize, jowar and bajra.
II. Hybrid millet breeding has successfully yielded varieties resistant to water stress.
III. Hybridization in millets did not lead to any high-yielding varieties.
IV. Millets are grown only in wet tropical rainforests of South India.

Choose the correct option.

Regarding plant pathogens and disease-induced losses, consider the following statements:

I. Pathogens causing disease in cultivated crops include fungi, bacteria and viruses.
II. Crop losses due to diseases may range from 20–30% or even total loss.
III. Black rot of crucifers is fungal, whereas red rot of sugarcane is bacterial.
IV. Late blight of potato is fungal and tobacco mosaic is viral.

Select the correct statements.

Match the crop varieties and their disease resistance based on NCERT:

I. Himgiri is a variety of Brassica resistant to white rust.
II. Pusa Komal is a cowpea variety resistant to bacterial blight.
III. Pusa Shubhra and Pusa Snowball K-1 are cauliflower varieties resistant to black rot.
IV. Pusa Sadabahar is a chilli variety resistant to Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Leaf Curl.

Select the correct option.

Read the following statements regarding mutation breeding:

I. Mutation breeding involves inducing mutations artificially using chemicals or radiations such as gamma rays.
II. In mung bean, resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew was induced through mutation breeding.
III. Mutation breeding is possible only through natural selection without induced mutations.
IV. Mung bean resistance to yellow mosaic virus was transferred through hybridization from a wild species.

Identify the correct statements.

Examine the transfer of resistance from wild relatives in Okra:

I. Resistance to yellow mosaic virus in bhindi (Abelmoschus esculentus) was transferred from a wild species.
II. This wild cross resulted in a new high-yielding cultivated variety of Abelmoschus esculentus called Parbhani Kranti.
III. Bhindi is biologically classified as Abelmoschus esculentus.
IV. Parbhani Kranti was developed using artificial gamma radiation mutagenesis on existing cultivars.

Choose the correct option.