What is the recommended schedule for taking daily contraceptive pills?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Daily for 28 days without a break
• Daily for 21 days, starting within the first five days of the menstrual cycle, followed by a 7-day gap
• Only during the fertile period
• Once a week for three consecutive weeks
Correct Option: B  [ Daily for 21 days, starting within the first five days of the menstrual cycle, followed by a 7-day gap ]

Remark: Pills have to be taken daily for a period of 21 days, starting preferably within the first five days of the menstrual cycle. This is followed by a gap of 7 days during which menstruation occurs.

Which of these is NOT a method of STI transmission for Hepatitis-B and HIV?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Sharing of injection needles
• Transfusion of blood
• From infected mother to foetus
• Sharing of food with an infected person
Correct Option: D  [ Sharing of food with an infected person ]

Remark: Hepatitis-B and HIV can be transmitted by sharing injection needles or surgical instruments, blood transfusion, or from an infected mother to the foetus. Sharing food is not a mode of transmission.

Why do STIs often go undetected for long in females?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Females are immune to early symptoms
• Symptoms are always internal and not visible
• Infected females may often be asymptomatic
• Social stigma prevents only females from seeking help
Correct Option: C  [ Infected females may often be asymptomatic ]

Remark: Infected females may often be asymptomatic (show no symptoms), and hence, may remain undetected for a long time.

Which statement is correct regarding the principle of sterilisation methods?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• They prevent gamete formation
• They block gamete transport
• They destroy the gametes
• They make the uterus unsuitable for implantation
Correct Option: B  [ They block gamete transport ]

Remark: Surgical intervention in sterilisation methods blocks gamete transport and thereby prevents conception. It does not prevent gamete formation.

The 'one child norm' has been adopted by many couples, especially which demographic group?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Rural, non-working couples
• Elderly couples
• Young, urban, working couples
• Couples with genetic disorders
Correct Option: C  [ Young, urban, working couples ]

Remark: Many couples, mostly the young, urban, working ones have adopted a ‘one child norm’ as a measure to control population growth.

What is the mechanism of action of copper ions released by CuT?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• They make the uterus unsuitable for implantation
• They increase phagocytosis of sperms
• They suppress sperm motility and fertilising capacity
• They alter the quality of cervical mucus
Correct Option: C  [ They suppress sperm motility and fertilising capacity ]

Remark: The Cu ions released from copper-releasing IUDs suppress sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of sperms.

Why are MTPs considered essential in certain cases?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• To select the sex of the child
• As a primary method of contraception
• When continuation of pregnancy is harmful to the mother or foetus, or both
• To avoid the responsibility of parenthood
Correct Option: C  [ When continuation of pregnancy is harmful to the mother or foetus, or both ]

Remark: MTPs are essential in cases where the continuation of the pregnancy could be harmful or even fatal to either the mother, the foetus, or both.

In the ART technique, what is the key difference between ZIFT and IUT?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• The type of gamete transferred
• The source of the embryo (in vivo vs in vitro)
• The location of the transfer (fallopian tube vs uterus)
• The number of blastomeres in the embryo being transferred
Correct Option: D  [ The number of blastomeres in the embryo being transferred ]

Remark: In ZIFT, zygotes or early embryos with up to 8 blastomeres are transferred to the fallopian tube. In IUT, embryos with more than 8 blastomeres are transferred into the uterus.

Who is often blamed for a couple being childless in India?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• The male partner
• Both partners equally
• The female partner
• The couple's parents
Correct Option: C  [ The female partner ]

Remark: In India, it is often the female who is blamed for the couple being childless, although more often than not, the problem lies in the male partner.

Besides injections, progestogens or their combination with estrogen can be administered as:

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Nasal sprays
• Skin patches
• Implants under the skin
• Vaginal rings
Correct Option: C  [ Implants under the skin ]

Remark: Progestogens alone or in combination with estrogen can be used by females as injections or as implants under the skin, with effective periods much longer than pills.