The technology commonly known as the 'test tube baby' programme involves which of the following procedures?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• In vivo fertilisation followed by embryo transfer
• In vitro fertilisation (IVF) followed by embryo transfer (ET)
• Gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT)
• Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) only
Correct Option: B  [ In vitro fertilisation (IVF) followed by embryo transfer (ET) ]

Remark: In vitro fertilisation (IVF)—fertilisation outside the body—followed by embryo transfer (ET) is the method popularly known as the test tube baby programme.

What does ZIFT stand for in the context of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer
• Zygote Implantation Fertilisation Technique
• Zona Intra Fallopian Tube
• Zygote and In-vitro Fertilisation Technique
Correct Option: A  [ Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer ]

Remark: In ZIFT, or zygote intra fallopian transfer, the zygote or early embryos (with up to 8 blastomeres) are transferred into the fallopian tube.

In the ART procedure GIFT, what is transferred into the fallopian tube?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• A zygote
• An embryo with more than 8 blastomeres
• Sperms
• An ovum collected from a donor
Correct Option: D  [ An ovum collected from a donor ]

Remark: GIFT, or gamete intra fallopian transfer, is a method where an ovum collected from a donor is transferred into the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce one.

Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a procedure where:

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Sperms are injected into the uterus
• A sperm is directly injected into the ovum
• Sperms are artificially inseminated into the vagina
• An ovum is directly injected into the uterus
Correct Option: B  [ A sperm is directly injected into the ovum ]

Remark: ICSI is a specialised procedure to form an embryo in the laboratory in which a sperm is directly injected into the ovum.

The artificial insemination (AI) technique is used to correct infertility cases due to:

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• The female partner's inability to produce an ovum
• Blockage of the fallopian tubes in the female
• The inability of the male partner to inseminate the female or low sperm counts
• An unsuitable uterine environment in the female
Correct Option: C  [ The inability of the male partner to inseminate the female or low sperm counts ]

Remark: Infertility cases due to the male partner's inability to inseminate the female or due to very low sperm counts can be corrected by the artificial insemination (AI) technique.

What does IUI stand for?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Intra Uterine Implantation
• Intra Uterine Insemination
• In-vitro Uterine Implantation
• Intra Uterine Infection
Correct Option: B  [ Intra Uterine Insemination ]

Remark: In the IUI (intra-uterine insemination) technique, semen collected from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced into the uterus of the female.

A statutory ban on amniocentesis for sex-determination is in place to check:

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Increasing menace of female foeticides
• The spread of genetic disorders
• Uncontrolled population growth
• The high cost of the procedure
Correct Option: A  [ Increasing menace of female foeticides ]

Remark: The statutory ban on amniocentesis for sex-determination is intended to legally check the increasing menace of female foeticides.

Which of the following is a reusable barrier contraceptive for females?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Condom
• Vault
• Pill
• Implant
Correct Option: B  [ Vault ]

Remark: Diaphragms, cervical caps, and vaults are barrier methods for females made of rubber. They are reusable. Condoms, in contrast, are disposable.

What is the most important step mentioned to overcome the problem of population growth?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Enforcing a one-child norm for all citizens
• Motivating smaller families by using various contraceptive methods
• Stopping all medical assistance for deliveries
• Reducing the statutory age for marriage
Correct Option: B  [ Motivating smaller families by using various contraceptive methods ]

Remark: The most important step to overcome the problem of rapid population growth is to motivate smaller families by using various contraceptive methods.

Which slogan was popularized to promote the two-child norm in India?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Hum Do Hamare Do
• Ek Parivar Ek Santan
• Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao
• Chota Parivar, Sukhi Parivar
Correct Option: A  [ Hum Do Hamare Do ]

Remark: Advertisements in the media, as well as posters, showed a happy couple with two children with the slogan Hum Do Hamare Do (we two, our two) to motivate smaller families.