Which of the following is NOT a potential ill-effect of contraceptives mentioned in the text?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Nausea and abdominal pain
• Irregular menstrual bleeding
• Breast cancer
• Improved bone density
Correct Option: D  [ Improved bone density ]

Remark: Possible ill-effects of contraceptives include nausea, abdominal pain, breakthrough bleeding, irregular menstrual bleeding, or even breast cancer, though they are not very significant.

What is the approximate number of MTPs performed in a year all over the world?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• 10 to 15 million
• 25 to 30 million
• 45 to 50 million
• 70 to 75 million
Correct Option: C  [ 45 to 50 million ]

Remark: Nearly 45 to 50 million MTPs are performed annually all over the world, which accounts for about one-fifth of the total number of conceived pregnancies in a year.

Which of the following barrier methods are reusable?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Male condoms
• Female condoms
• Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults
• All barrier methods
Correct Option: C  [ Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults ]

Remark: Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults are made of rubber and are reusable, while both male and female condoms are disposable.

Which factor is a major deterrent for people with STIs to seek timely detection and treatment?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• The high cost of treatment
• The lack of available medicines
• The social stigma attached to STIs
• The belief that STIs heal on their own
Correct Option: C  [ The social stigma attached to STIs ]

Remark: The social stigma attached to STIs, along with less significant early symptoms, deters infected persons from seeking timely detection and proper treatment.

What is the primary aim of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• To prevent pregnancies
• To cure sexually transmitted infections
• To assist infertile couples to have children
• To perform genetic screening of foetuses
Correct Option: C  [ To assist infertile couples to have children ]

Remark: When corrective treatments for infertility are not possible, couples can be assisted to have children through special techniques known as assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

In vasectomy, a small part of the vas deferens is removed or tied up through a small incision on the:

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Abdomen
• Scrotum
• Penis
• Vagina
Correct Option: B  [ Scrotum ]

Remark: In vasectomy, a small part of the vas deferens is removed or tied up through a small incision on the scrotum.

Which method involves the transfer of an embryo formed by in-vivo fertilisation into the fallopian tube of a surrogate mother?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• ICSI
• GIFT
• ZIFT
• This procedure is described as a possible use for embryo transfer
Correct Option: D  [ This procedure is described as a possible use for embryo transfer ]

Remark: The text mentions that embryos formed by in-vivo fertilisation (fusion of gametes within the female) could also be used for transfer to assist females who cannot conceive. It does not give a specific acronym for this exact scenario.

The lactational amenorrhea method is based on the fact that _______ do not occur during intense lactation.

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Menstruation only
• Ovulation only
• Ovulation and the menstrual cycle
• Fertilisation and implantation
Correct Option: C  [ Ovulation and the menstrual cycle ]

Remark: This method is based on the fact that ovulation and therefore the menstrual cycle do not occur during the period of intense lactation following childbirth.

According to the MTP (Amendment) Act, 2017, what is a valid ground for termination of pregnancy?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• The child is predicted to be of an unwanted sex
• The family cannot financially support another child
• The child would suffer from physical or mental abnormalities as to be seriously handicapped
• The pregnancy is a result of a consensual relationship
Correct Option: C  [ The child would suffer from physical or mental abnormalities as to be seriously handicapped ]

Remark: One of the grounds for termination is if there is a substantial risk that if the child were born, it would suffer from such physical or mental abnormalities as to be seriously handicapped.

Which of the following is NOT a reason for infertility?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Physical or congenital issues
• Immunological or psychological factors
• The use of contraceptive methods
• Diseases or drugs
Correct Option: C  [ The use of contraceptive methods ]

Remark: Reasons for infertility can be many, including physical, congenital, diseases, drugs, immunological, or even psychological factors. Contraceptives are used to prevent pregnancy, not cause permanent infertility.