Depending on base composition, length of segment, and number of repetitive units, the satellite DNA is classified into many categories, such as micro-satellites and _______

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Macro-satellites
• Mini-satellites
• Nano-satellites
• Mega-satellites
Correct Option: B  [ Mini-satellites ]

Remark: The categories are micro-satellites and mini-satellites.

DNA fingerprinting technique was developed by _______

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Alec Jeffreys
• Watson
• Crick
• Sanger
Correct Option: A  [ Alec Jeffreys ]

Remark: Alec Jeffreys developed DNA fingerprinting.

Jeffreys used a satellite DNA as probe that shows very high degree of polymorphism. It was called _______

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• SNP
• VNTR
• EST
• YAC
Correct Option: B  [ VNTR ]

Remark: VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeats) was used as the probe.

The technique used for DNA fingerprinting is _______ blotting.

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Northern
• Western
• Southern
• Eastern
Correct Option: C  [ Southern ]

Remark: Southern blotting is used for DNA.

VNTR belongs to a class of satellite DNA referred to as _______-satellite.

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Micro
• Mini
• Macro
• Nano
Correct Option: B  [ Mini ]

Remark: VNTR is a mini-satellite.

The size of VNTR varies from 0.1 to _______ kb.

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• 20
• 100
• 1
• 50
Correct Option: A  [ 20 ]

Remark: VNTR size is 0.1 to 20 kb.

The sensitivity of the technique has been increased by use of _______

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• PCR
• Gel electrophoresis
• Centrifugation
• Microscopy
Correct Option: A  [ PCR ]

Remark: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) increases sensitivity.

In DNA fingerprinting, the separated DNA fragments are transferred to synthetic membranes, such as _______ or nylon.

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Cellulose
• Nitrocellulose
• Polythene
• Agarose
Correct Option: B  [ Nitrocellulose ]

Remark: Nitrocellulose or nylon membranes are used for blotting.

Detection of hybridized DNA fragments is done by _______

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Microscopy
• Autoradiography
• Spectroscopy
• Chromatography
Correct Option: B  [ Autoradiography ]

Remark: Autoradiography detects radioactive probes.

Allelic sequence variation has traditionally been described as a DNA _______

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Mutation
• Polymorphism
• Replication
• Transcription
Correct Option: B  [ Polymorphism ]

Remark: Variation found in >1% of population is polymorphism.