RNA polymerase binds to the promoter and initiates transcription, a process called _______

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Elongation
• Termination
• Initiation
• Translation
Correct Option: C  [ Initiation ]

Remark: Binding to the promoter starts initiation.

RNA polymerase uses nucleoside _______ as substrate.

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Monophosphates
• Diphosphates
• Triphosphates
• Tetraphosphates
Correct Option: C  [ Triphosphates ]

Remark: NTPs (Triphosphates) are the substrates and energy source.

RNA polymerase associates transiently with _______ factor to initiate transcription.

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Rho
• Sigma
• Alpha
• Beta
Correct Option: B  [ Sigma ]

Remark: The sigma factor is required for initiation specificity.

RNA polymerase associates with _______ factor to terminate transcription.

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Sigma
• Rho
• Delta
• Gamma
Correct Option: B  [ Rho ]

Remark: The rho factor helps terminate transcription.

In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase I transcribes _______

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• mRNA
• tRNA
• rRNA
• hnRNA
Correct Option: C  [ rRNA ]

Remark: Pol I transcribes rRNAs (28S, 18S, 5.8S).

In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase III transcribes _______

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• rRNA
• mRNA
• tRNA
• hnRNA
Correct Option: C  [ tRNA ]

Remark: Pol III transcribes tRNA, 5S rRNA, and snRNAs.

RNA polymerase II transcribes precursor of mRNA called _______

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• tRNA
• rRNA
• hnRNA
• snRNA
Correct Option: C  [ hnRNA ]

Remark: Pol II makes heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA).

The process of removing introns and joining exons is called _______

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Capping
• Tailing
• Splicing
• Ligation
Correct Option: C  [ Splicing ]

Remark: Splicing removes introns.

In capping, an unusual nucleotide, methyl _______ triphosphate, is added to the 5' end.

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Adenosine
• Guanosine
• Cytidine
• Uridine
Correct Option: B  [ Guanosine ]

Remark: A 7-methylguanosine cap is added.

In tailing, adenylate residues are added at the _______ end in a template independent manner.

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• 5'
• 3'
• Both
• None
Correct Option: B  [ 3' ]

Remark: A Poly-A tail is added to the 3' end.