DNA polymerase catalyzes polymerization only in one direction, that is _______

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• 3' to 5'
• 5' to 3'
• Both
• Random
Correct Option: B  [ 5' to 3' ]

Remark: Polymerization always occurs in the 5' to 3' direction.

On the _______ strand, the replication is continuous.

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Lagging
• Leading
• Template
• Coding
Correct Option: B  [ Leading ]

Remark: The leading strand is synthesized continuously 5' to 3'.

On the lagging strand, replication is _______

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Continuous
• Discontinuous
• Conservative
• Rapid
Correct Option: B  [ Discontinuous ]

Remark: The lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments (discontinuous).

The discontinuously synthesized fragments are joined by the enzyme _______

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Helicase
• Primase
• DNA Ligase
• DNA Polymerase
Correct Option: C  [ DNA Ligase ]

Remark: DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments.

The DNA polymerases on their own cannot initiate the process of replication, they need a _______

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Promoter
• Primer
• Terminator
• Operator
Correct Option: B  [ Primer ]

Remark: Replication requires an RNA primer to start.

Replication of DNA occurs at the _______ phase of the cell cycle.

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• G1
• S
• G2
• M
Correct Option: B  [ S ]

Remark: DNA replication occurs during the Synthesis (S) phase.

A failure in cell division after DNA replication results in _______

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Aneuploidy
• Polyploidy
• Haploidy
• Mutation
Correct Option: B  [ Polyploidy ]

Remark: Whole sets of chromosomes increase, causing polyploidy.

The process of copying genetic information from one strand of the DNA into RNA is termed _______

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Replication
• Translation
• Transcription
• Transformation
Correct Option: C  [ Transcription ]

Remark: Transcription is creating RNA from a DNA template.

In transcription, Adenine pairs with _______ instead of Thymine.

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Guanine
• Cytosine
• Uracil
• Adenine
Correct Option: C  [ Uracil ]

Remark: In RNA, Uracil pairs with Adenine.

A transcription unit in DNA is defined primarily by three regions: A Promoter, The Structural gene, and A _______

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Operator
• Inducer
• Terminator
• Repressor
Correct Option: C  [ Terminator ]

Remark: The three parts are Promoter, Structural Gene, and Terminator.