Which human chromosome has the most genes?

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Chromosome 1
• Chromosome X
• Chromosome Y
• Chromosome 22
Correct Option: A  [ Chromosome 1 ]

Remark: Chromosome 1 contains the highest number of genes (2968).

Which human chromosome has the fewest genes?

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Chromosome 1
• Chromosome Y
• Chromosome 21
• Chromosome X
Correct Option: B  [ Chromosome Y ]

Remark: The Y chromosome has the fewest genes (231).

SNPs stand for?

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
• Simple Nucleotide Polymorphisms
• Single Nitrogen Polymers
• Small Nuclear Proteins
Correct Option: A  [ Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ]

Remark: SNPs are single base differences found at specific locations in the genome, occurring at about 1.4 million locations.

DNA Fingerprinting relies on identifying differences in?

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Repetitive DNA
• Coding DNA
• mRNA sequences
• Protein sequences
Correct Option: A  [ Repetitive DNA ]

Remark: DNA fingerprinting exploits the high degree of polymorphism found in repetitive DNA sequences (Satellite DNA).

Satellite DNA is classified into Minisatellites and Microsatellites based on?

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Length of segment and number of repeats
• Coding function
• Associated proteins
• Location in cell
Correct Option: A  [ Length of segment and number of repeats ]

Remark: Classification is based on the base composition (A:T rich or G:C rich), length of the segment, and number of repetitive units.

VNTR belongs to which class of Satellite DNA?

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Minisatellite
• Microsatellite
• Macrosatellite
• Coding DNA
Correct Option: A  [ Minisatellite ]

Remark: Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) are a type of Minisatellite DNA.

In DNA fingerprinting, the DNA is separated using?

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Gel Electrophoresis
• Centrifugation
• PCR
• Microscopy
Correct Option: A  [ Gel Electrophoresis ]

Remark: Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size.

The technique of transferring separated DNA fragments to a synthetic membrane is called?

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Southern Blotting
• Northern Blotting
• Western Blotting
• Eastern Blotting
Correct Option: A  [ Southern Blotting ]

Remark: Southern Blotting is the transfer of DNA to a membrane (nitrocellulose or nylon) for hybridization.

Which of the following is used as a probe in DNA fingerprinting?

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Radioactive Single-stranded DNA (VNTR)
• Protein antibody
• Double-stranded RNA
• Lipid molecule
Correct Option: A  [ Radioactive Single-stranded DNA (VNTR) ]

Remark: A radioactive single-stranded DNA probe complementary to the VNTR sequences is used to detect specific DNA fragments.

Polymorphism in DNA sequence is the basis of?

[Molecular-Basis-of-Inheritance] [class-xii ]

• Genetic mapping and DNA fingerprinting
• Translation
• Transcription
• Protein folding
Correct Option: A  [ Genetic mapping and DNA fingerprinting ]

Remark: Polymorphisms (variations) at the genetic level are the foundation for both mapping genomes and identifying individuals via fingerprinting.