Insulin used for diabetes was earlier extracted from the pancreas of slaughtered cattle and ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• chickens
• sheep
• pigs
• monkeys
Correct Option: C  [ pigs ]

Remark: Insulin was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs.

Mature insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains, chain A and chain B, that are linked together by ________ bridges.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• peptide
• hydrogen
• glycosidic
• disulphide
Correct Option: D  [ disulphide ]

Remark: Chains A and B of insulin are linked by disulphide bridges.

Insulin in mammals is synthesised as a ________, which is processed before it becomes fully mature and functional.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• hormone
• precursor
• pro-hormone
• C peptide
Correct Option: C  [ pro-hormone ]

Remark: Insulin is synthesized as a pro-hormone.

The pro-hormone insulin contains an extra stretch called the ________ which is removed during maturation.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• A chain
• B chain
• C peptide
• signal peptide
Correct Option: C  [ C peptide ]

Remark: The pro-hormone contains an extra stretch called the C peptide.

In 1983, the American company ________ prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to the A and B chains of human insulin.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• Genentech
• Bayer
• Eli Lilly
• Biogen
Correct Option: C  [ Eli Lilly ]

Remark: Eli Lilly, an American company, prepared the A and B chain sequences in 1983.

Eli Lilly introduced the DNA sequences for insulin chains A and B into plasmids of ________ to produce the chains separately.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• Saccharomyces cerevisiae
• Bacillus subtilis
• E. coli
• Agrobacterium
Correct Option: C  [ E. coli ]

Remark: The DNA sequences were introduced into plasmids of E. coli.

Gene therapy is a collection of methods that allows correction of a gene defect diagnosed in a child or ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• adult
• parent
• relative
• embryo
Correct Option: D  [ embryo ]

Remark: Gene therapy allows correction of a gene defect diagnosed in a child/embryo.

The first clinical gene therapy was given in ________ to a 4-year old girl.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• 1983
• 1990
• 1997
• 2000
Correct Option: B  [ 1990 ]

Remark: The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990.

The first clinical gene therapy treated the deficiency of the enzyme ________ (ADA).

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• Adenosine Diphosphate
• Adenosine Dihydrogenase
• Adenosine Deaminase
• Aspartate Deaminase
Correct Option: C  [ Adenosine Deaminase ]

Remark: The first gene therapy was for Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) deficiency.

The enzyme ADA is crucial for the ________ system to function.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• circulatory
• respiratory
• immune
• nervous
Correct Option: C  [ immune ]

Remark: ADA enzyme is crucial for the immune system.