In ADA deficiency, functional ADA can be given to the patient by injection in a treatment known as enzyme ________ therapy.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• gene
• plasma
• replacement
• hormone
Correct Option: C  [ replacement ]

Remark: ADA deficiency can be treated by enzyme replacement therapy.

Functional ADA cDNA was introduced into the patient’s lymphocytes using a ________ vector.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• plasmid
• retroviral
• Agrobacterium
• cosmid
Correct Option: B  [ retroviral ]

Remark: Functional ADA cDNA was introduced using a retroviral vector.

If the ADA gene is introduced into cells at early ________ stages, it could be a permanent cure for ADA deficiency.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• childhood
• adolescent
• fetal
• embryonic
Correct Option: D  [ embryonic ]

Remark: Introduction of the ADA gene at early embryonic stages could be a permanent cure.

Conventional methods of diagnosis (serum and urine analysis) often fail to provide ________ detection, crucial for effective treatment.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• reliable
• early
• complete
• cost-effective
Correct Option: B  [ early ]

Remark: Conventional methods fail to provide early detection.

________ (PCR) is one of the techniques that serve the purpose of early diagnosis in molecular medicine.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• Protein Chain Reaction
• Photo-Chemical Reactivity
• Polymerase Chain Reaction
• Peptide Chain Release
Correct Option: C  [ Polymerase Chain Reaction ]

Remark: PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is used for early diagnosis.

PCR is routinely used to detect ________ in suspected AIDS patients.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• antigens
• antibodies
• HIV
• T-cells
Correct Option: C  [ HIV ]

Remark: PCR is routinely used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients.

In molecular diagnosis, a single stranded DNA or RNA tagged with a radioactive molecule is called a ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• plasmid
• marker
• probe
• vector
Correct Option: C  [ probe ]

Remark: A single stranded DNA or RNA tagged with a radioactive molecule is called a probe.

Detection following hybridization of a radioactive probe is done using ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• spectrophotometry
• chromatography
• microscopy
• autoradiography
Correct Option: D  [ autoradiography ]

Remark: Detection of the hybridized probe is done using autoradiography.

ELISA is based on the principle of ________ interaction.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• nucleic acid-enzyme
• hormone-receptor
• antigen-antibody
• cell-cell
Correct Option: C  [ antigen-antibody ]

Remark: ELISA is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction.

Animals that have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene are known as ________ animals.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• cloned
• hybridized
• modified
• transgenic
Correct Option: D  [ transgenic ]

Remark: Animals with manipulated DNA expressing a foreign gene are transgenic animals.