If we link an alien piece of DNA with bacteriophage or plasmid DNA, we can multiply its numbers equal to the _________ of the vector.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• size
• copy number
• restriction sites
• weight
Correct Option: B  [ copy number ]

Remark: The alien DNA will multiply its numbers equal to the copy number of the vector.

If foreign DNA is ligated at the BamH I site of the tetracycline resistance gene in pBR322, the transformants growing on ampicillin containing medium are then transferred to a medium containing _________ to select recombinants.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• chloramphenicol
• kanamycin
• tetracycline
• penicillin
Correct Option: C  [ tetracycline ]

Remark: The second plating step uses tetracycline to check for inactivation.

Retroviruses have been disarmed and are now used to deliver desirable genes into _________ cells.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• plant
• bacterial
• fungal
• animal
Correct Option: D  [ animal ]

Remark: Retroviruses are used to deliver desirable genes into animal cells.

Incubating competent cells with recombinant DNA on ice, followed by brief exposure to 42°C (heat shock), and then putting them back on ice, enables the bacteria to take up the _________.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• cell wall
• recombinant DNA
• ribosomes
• proteins
Correct Option: B  [ recombinant DNA ]

Remark: This procedure enables the bacteria to take up the recombinant DNA.

In PCR, the steps in each cycle are (i) Denaturation, (ii) Primer annealing, and (iii) _________ of primers.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• Ligation
• Digestion
• Extension
• Separation
Correct Option: C  [ Extension ]

Remark: The three steps are Denaturation, Primer annealing, and Extension of primers.

The primary purpose of using a continuous culture system is that this method produces a larger biomass leading to _________ yields of desired protein.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• lower
• identical
• higher
• variable
Correct Option: C  [ higher ]

Remark: Continuous culturing produces a larger biomass leading to higher yields.

The stirred-tank bioreactor has an agitator system, an oxygen delivery system, a foam control system, a temperature control system, a pH control system, and _________.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• UV sterilization
• biolistics delivery
• sampling ports
• chromogenic plates
Correct Option: C  [ sampling ports ]

Remark: The bioreactor includes sampling ports for periodic culture withdrawal.

Bioreactors can be thought of as vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products using microbial plant, animal or _________ cells.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• yeast
• fungal
• viral
• human
Correct Option: D  [ human ]

Remark: Bioreactors use microbial, plant, animal or human cells.

The process of downstream processing involves separation and purification, followed by formulation with suitable preservatives, and thorough clinical trials, which is necessary for products like _________.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• enzymes
• drugs
• vectors
• plasmids
Correct Option: B  [ drugs ]

Remark: Clinical trials are required as in the case of drugs.

The techniques of genetic engineering overcome the limitation of traditional hybridization procedures by allowing the introduction of only a set of desirable genes, contrasting with the tendency of traditional methods to lead to multiplication of _________ genes.

[Biotechnology-Principles-and-Processes] [class-xii ]

• recessive
• undesirable
• dominant
• beneficial
Correct Option: B  [ undesirable ]

Remark: Traditional methods multiply undesirable genes along with desired ones, a limitation overcome by genetic engineering.