In what year did India initiate the national-level 'family planning' programmes?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• 1947
• 1951
• 1961
• 1971
Correct Option: B  [ 1951 ]

Remark: India was one of the first countries in the world to start action plans and programmes for reproductive health at a national level, called ‘family planning’, which began in 1951.

What is the popular name for the improved and wider reproduction-related programmes currently in operation in India?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Family Planning Programme
• National Health Mission
• Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) programmes
• Janani Suraksha Yojana
Correct Option: C  [ Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) programmes ]

Remark: Improved programmes that cover a broader range of reproduction-related areas are now operating under the popular name ‘Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) programmes’.

What is the primary purpose of introducing sex education in schools?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• To discourage children from asking questions about sex
• To provide right information and discourage myths and misconceptions
• To focus only on the biology of reproductive organs
• To replace the role of parents in disseminating information
Correct Option: B  [ To provide right information and discourage myths and misconceptions ]

Remark: Introducing sex education in schools is encouraged to provide correct information to young people, which helps discourage them from believing in myths and having misconceptions about sex-related topics.

Amniocentesis is a procedure used for determining certain genetic disorders. Which of the following can be detected by it?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Down syndrome
• Jaundice
• Malaria
• Tuberculosis
Correct Option: A  [ Down syndrome ]

Remark: Amniocentesis involves analyzing fetal cells from the amniotic fluid to test for the presence of certain genetic disorders such as Down syndrome, haemophilia, and sickle-cell anemia.

The new oral contraceptive for females, 'Saheli', was developed by scientists at which institute?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi
• National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune
• Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow
• Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Delhi
Correct Option: C  [ Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow ]

Remark: The new oral contraceptive for females named ‘Saheli’ was developed by scientists at the Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) in Lucknow, India.

Which of the following is considered an indicator of improved reproductive health in a society?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Increased maternal and infant mortality rates
• Increased number of couples with large families
• Decreased detection and cure of STIs
• Better post-natal care leading to decreased maternal and infant mortality rates
Correct Option: D  [ Better post-natal care leading to decreased maternal and infant mortality rates ]

Remark: Improved reproductive health of a society is indicated by factors like decreased maternal and infant mortality rates, increased number of medically assisted deliveries, and better post-natal care.

According to the source, what was the approximate world population in the year 2000?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• 2 billion
• 4 billion
• 6 billion
• 7.2 billion
Correct Option: C  [ 6 billion ]

Remark: The world population, which was around 2 billion in 1900, rocketed to about 6 billion by the year 2000.

What were the statutory marriageable ages raised to for females and males, respectively, to tackle population growth?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• 16 years and 18 years
• 18 years and 18 years
• 18 years and 21 years
• 21 years and 23 years
Correct Option: C  [ 18 years and 21 years ]

Remark: One of the measures taken to tackle population growth was the statutory raising of the marriageable age of the female to 18 years and that of males to 21 years.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ideal contraceptive?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• User-friendly
• Easily available
• Irreversible
• Effective with least side-effects
Correct Option: C  [ Irreversible ]

Remark: An ideal contraceptive should be user-friendly, easily available, effective, and reversible with no or minimal side-effects. It should also not interfere with the user's sexual drive. Irreversibility is generally not desired.

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), reproductive health is a total well-being in which four aspects of reproduction?

[Reproductive-Health] [class-xii ]

• Physical, Mental, Financial, and Social
• Physical, Functional, Emotional, and Behavioural
• Physical, Emotional, Behavioural, and Social
• Physical, Spiritual, Emotional, and Social
Correct Option: C  [ Physical, Emotional, Behavioural, and Social ]

Remark: The WHO defines reproductive health as a state of total well-being in all aspects of reproduction, which are physical, emotional, behavioural, and social.