Match the carpellary fusion states with their textbook examples:
Column I (Carpel Fusion State)
Column II (Botanical Examples)
(a) Apocarpous condition
(i) Mustard and Tomato
(b) Syncarpous condition
(ii) Lotus and Rose
(c) Single carpel
(iii) Pea
Apocarpous carpels (free) are found in lotus and rose. Syncarpous carpels (fused) are found in mustard and tomato. A single carpel is found in pea (monocarpellary).
Question 232 of 300
📘 CLASS XI
Match the five primary placentation classes with their basic definitions:
Column I (Placentation Type)
Column II (Spatial Pattern of Ovules)
(a) Marginal
(i) Ovules on peripheral/inner wall; one-chambered becomes two due to false septum
(b) Axile
(ii) Placenta forms a ridge along ventral suture; ovules in two rows
(c) Parietal
(iii) Axial placenta with ovules in a multilocular ovary
(d) Free Central
(iv) Placenta develops at ovary base with a single attached ovule
(e) Basal
(v) Ovules borne on a central axis; septa are entirely absent
Marginal: ridge along ventral suture, ovules in two rows. Axile: axial placenta in multilocular ovary. Parietal: on inner/peripheral wall; false septum makes one-chambered ovary two-chambered. Free central: ovules on central axis, septa absent. Basal: placenta at base with a single ovule.
Question 233 of 300
📘 CLASS XI
Match the placentation types with their standard NCERT examples (Set 1):
Column I (Placentation Type)
Column II (Examples)
(a) Marginal
(i) Pea
(b) Axile
(ii) China rose, Tomato, Lemon
(c) Parietal
(iii) Mustard and Argemone
Marginal placentation is seen in pea. Axile placentation is seen in china rose, tomato and lemon. Parietal placentation is found in mustard and Argemone.
Question 234 of 300
📘 CLASS XI
Match the placentation types with their standard NCERT examples (Set 2):
Column I (Placentation Type)
Column II (Examples)
(a) Free Central
(i) Dianthus and Primrose
(b) Basal
(ii) Sunflower and Marigold
(c) Parietal
(iii) Mustard and Argemone
Free central placentation is found in Dianthus and Primrose. Basal placentation occurs in sunflower and marigold. Parietal placentation occurs in mustard and Argemone.
Question 235 of 300
📘 CLASS XI
Match the post-fertilization structures with their developmental precursors:
Column I (Mature Structure)
Column II (Pre-fertilization Precursor)
(a) Seed
(i) Ripened ovary wall
(b) Fruit
(ii) Fertilized ovule
(c) Pericarp
(iii) Mature ovary
Ovules develop into seeds after fertilization. The ovary matures into a fruit. The ovary wall develops into the pericarp.
Question 236 of 300
📘 CLASS XI
Match the fruit terms with their descriptions:
Column I (Fruit Terminology)
Column II (Morphological Concept)
(a) Parthenocarpic fruit
(i) Thick fleshy fruit wall differentiated into three layers
(b) Drupe
(ii) Fruit formed without fertilization
(c) Fleshy Pericarp
(iii) One-seeded fruit developed from a monocarpellary superior ovary
Parthenocarpic fruits are formed without fertilization. Drupes are one-seeded fruits from monocarpellary superior ovaries. Fleshy pericarp is differentiated into epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp.
Question 237 of 300
📘 CLASS XI
Match the layers of the pericarp in fleshy fruits with their descriptions:
Column I (Pericarp Layer)
Column II (Description)
(a) Epicarp
(i) Middle layer; fleshy in mango, fibrous in coconut
(b) Mesocarp
(ii) Outer thin protective skin
(c) Endocarp
(iii) Inner stony layer surrounding the seed
Epicarp is the outer layer, mesocarp is the middle layer, and endocarp is the inner stony layer.
Question 238 of 300
📘 CLASS XI
Match the drupe fruit mesocarp characteristics with their corresponding plants:
Column I (Plant)
Column II (Mesocarp Characteristic)
(a) Mango
(i) Mesocarp is highly fibrous
(b) Coconut
(ii) Mesocarp is fleshy, sweet and edible
(c) Both Mango & Coconut
(iii) One-seeded; developed from monocarpellary superior ovary
Both mango and coconut are drupes. Mango has a fleshy edible mesocarp whereas coconut has a fibrous mesocarp.
Question 239 of 300
📘 CLASS XI
Match the seed coat structural layers and features with their definitions:
Column I
Column II
(a) Testa
(i) Small pore above the hilum
(b) Tegmen
(ii) Outer layer of seed coat
(c) Hilum
(iii) Inner layer of seed coat
(d) Micropyle
(iv) Scar showing attachment of seed to fruit
Testa is the outer seed coat, tegmen the inner layer, hilum is the attachment scar, and micropyle is the small pore above the hilum.
Question 240 of 300
📘 CLASS XI
Match the seed types with their endosperm status and examples:
Column I (Seed Type)
Column II (Status / Example)
(a) Endospermic dicot seed
(i) Endosperm consumed; bean, gram, pea
(b) Non-endospermic dicot seed
(ii) Endosperm retained; castor
(c) Endospermic monocot seed
(iii) Endosperm present; maize, wheat
(d) Non-endospermic monocot seed
(iv) Orchids
Castor is an endospermic dicot. Bean, gram and pea are non-endospermic dicots. Maize and wheat are endospermic monocots, while orchids are exceptional non-endospermic monocots.
