Match the major aestivation categories with their geometrical definitions:
Column I (Aestivation Type)
Column II (Overlapping Pattern in Floral Bud)
(a) Valvate
(i) Margins of sepals or petals overlap, but in no particular direction
(b) Twisted
(ii) Sepals or petals in a whorl just touch at the margins without overlapping
(c) Imbricate
(iii) One margin of the appendage overlaps that of the next, and so on
(d) Vexillary
(iv) Five petals; largest overlaps two lateral, which overlap two anterior
Valvate: members just touch without overlapping. Twisted: overlapping occurs regularly in one direction. Imbricate: overlapping occurs but without a particular direction. Vexillary (papilionaceous): the largest standard petal overlaps wings, which overlap keels.
Question 222 of 300
📘 CLASS XI
Match the aestivation types with their diagnostic botanical examples:
Column I (Aestivation Class)
Column II (Taxonomic Representatives)
(a) Valvate aestivation
(i) China rose, Lady's finger, Cotton
(b) Twisted aestivation
(ii) Calotropis
(c) Imbricate aestivation
(iii) Pea, Bean
(d) Vexillary aestivation
(iv) Cassia, Gulmohur
Valvate is seen in Calotropis. Twisted is seen in china rose, lady's finger, and cotton. Imbricate is seen in Cassia and gulmohur. Vexillary is seen in pea and bean flowers.
Question 223 of 300
📘 CLASS XI
Match the individual petals of a vexillary (papilionaceous) corolla with their names:
Column I (Relative Position / Number)
Column II (Petal Terminology)
(a) Largest posterior petal (1)
(i) Keel
(b) Two lateral petals (2)
(ii) Standard
(c) Two smallest anterior petals (2)
(iii) Wings
In vexillary aestivation, there are five petals: the largest posterior one is the standard, the two lateral ones are wings, and the two smallest anterior ones are the keel.
Question 224 of 300
📘 CLASS XI
Match the reproductive structural parts of the stamen with their definitions:
Column I (Stamen Component)
Column II (Functional / Structural Description)
(a) Filament
(i) Male reproductive organ of the flower
(b) Anther
(ii) Sterile stamen that does not produce functional pollen
(c) Staminode
(iii) Stalk of the stamen supporting the pollen-bearing unit
(d) Stamen
(iv) Bilobed unit containing four chambers (pollen sacs)
The filament is the stalk of the stamen. The anther is usually bilobed and contains pollen sacs. A sterile stamen is known as a staminode. The stamen itself represents the male reproductive organ.
Question 225 of 300
📘 CLASS XI
Match the stamen adhesion conditions with their taxonomic examples:
Column I (Stamen Adhesion State)
Column II (Example Whorl / Taxon)
(a) Epipetalous
(i) Attached to the perianth (e.g., Lily flowers)
(b) Epiphyllous
(ii) Attached to the petals (e.g., Brinjal flowers)
(c) Polyandrous
(iii) Stamens remain completely free from each other
Epipetalous stamens are attached to petals, as in brinjal. Epiphyllous stamens are attached to the perianth, as in lily. Polyandrous stamens are completely free from each other within the flower.
Question 226 of 300
📘 CLASS XI
Match the stamen cohesion conditions (fusion among themselves) with their botanical terms:
Column I (Cohesion Pattern)
Column II (Technical Term)
(a) Stamens united into a single bunch or bundle
(i) Diadelphous
(b) Stamens united into two distinct bundles
(ii) Polyadelphous
(c) Stamens united into more than two bundles
(iii) Monoadelphous
Monoadelphous: stamens fused into one bunch. Diadelphous: stamens fused into two bundles. Polyadelphous: stamens fused into more than two bundles.
Question 227 of 300
📘 CLASS XI
Match the stamen cohesion classes with their standard NCERT examples:
Column I (Cohesion Class)
Column II (Botanical Representative)
(a) Monoadelphous
(i) Citrus
(b) Diadelphous
(ii) China rose
(c) Polyadelphous
(iii) Pea
Monoadelphous stamens are found in china rose. Diadelphous stamens are found in pea. Polyadelphous stamens are found in citrus.
Question 228 of 300
📘 CLASS XI
Match the stamens having variation in filament length with their representative genera:
Column I (Length Variation State)
Column II (Example Genera)
(a) Filament length variation occurs within a flower
(i) Salvia and Mustard
(b) Constant filament length
(ii) Many other angiosperm families
(c) Bilobed anther lobes
(iv) Typical condition containing pollen sacs
There may be variation in the length of filaments within a single flower, which is specifically illustrated in Salvia and mustard.
Question 229 of 300
📘 CLASS XI
Match the parts of the carpel with their structural descriptions:
Column I (Carpel Part)
Column II (Morphological and Functional Role)
(a) Ovary
(i) Elongated tube connecting the ovary to the receptive tip
(b) Style
(ii) Enlarged basal part containing the ovules on placenta
(c) Stigma
(iii) Receptive surface located at the tip of the style for pollen grains
The ovary is the enlarged basal part of a carpel. The style is the elongated tube connecting the ovary to the stigma. The stigma is the receptive surface at the tip of the style.
Question 230 of 300
📘 CLASS XI
Match the carpellary states (based on fusion) with their descriptions:
Column I (Carpellary Fusion State)
Column II (Botanical Definition)
(a) Apocarpous
(i) More than one carpel is present and they are fused together
(b) Syncarpous
(ii) More than one carpel is present and they remain free
(c) Placenta
(iii) Flattened cushion-like tissue to which ovules are attached
Apocarpous carpels remain completely free. Syncarpous carpels are fused together. The placenta is a flattened, cushion-like structure bearing the ovules within the ovary.
