Read the statements regarding the human pectoral girdle:
I. Each half of the pectoral girdle consists of a clavicle and a scapula. II. The clavicle is commonly called the collar bone and is a long slender bone with two curvatures. III. The scapula is a large, triangular, flat bone located on the ventral part of the thorax. IV. The scapula lies between the second and seventh ribs.
Explanation: Statement I is correct because each half of the pectoral girdle consists of a clavicle and a scapula. Statement II is correct because the clavicle is a long slender bone with two curvatures, commonly called the collar bone. Statement III is incorrect because the scapula is located in the dorsal part of the thorax, not ventral. Statement IV is correct because the scapula is situated between the second and seventh ribs.
Question 62 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Select the correct statements regarding the scapula's processes and articulations:
I. The scapula has an elevated ridge called the spine which projects as a flat, expanded process called the acromion. II. The clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula. III. Below the acromion is a deep cavity called the glenoid cavity. IV. The head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity to form the elbow joint.
Explanation: Statement I is correct because the flat triangular body of the scapula has an elevated ridge called the spine projecting as a flat, expanded process called the acromion. Statement II is correct because the clavicle articulates with this acromion. Statement III is correct because below the acromion is a depression called the glenoid cavity. Statement IV is incorrect because the head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity to form the shoulder joint, not the elbow joint.
Question 63 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Consider the following statements about the human pelvic girdle:
I. Pelvic girdle consists of two coxal bones. II. Each coxal bone is formed by the fusion of three bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis. III. At the point of fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis is a cavity called the glenoid cavity to which the femur articulates. IV. The two halves of the pelvic girdle meet ventrally to form the pubic symphysis containing fibrous cartilage.
Explanation: Statement I is correct because the pelvic girdle consists of two coxal bones. Statement II is correct because each coxal bone is formed by the fusion of three bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis. Statement III is incorrect because the cavity at the point of fusion is called the acetabulum (not the glenoid cavity), which articulates with the head of the thigh bone (femur). Statement IV is correct because the two halves meet ventrally to form the pubic symphysis containing fibrous cartilage.
Question 64 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Which of the following statements regarding the three major structural forms of joints are correct?
I. Fibrous joints permit zero movement because flat skull bones fuse end-to-end with dense fibrous connective tissue. II. Cartilaginous joints permit limited movement and are joined together with the help of cartilages. III. Synovial joints are characterized by a fluid-filled synovial cavity and allow considerable movement. IV. Locomotion and other major body movements depend heavily on synovial joints acting as fulcrums.
Explanation: All statements are correct. Fibrous joints allow no movement and are represented by skull sutures. Cartilaginous joints permit limited movement and are found between adjacent vertebrae. Synovial joints contain a fluid-filled synovial cavity allowing considerable movement and are critical for locomotion, where joints act as fulcrums.
Question 65 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Select the correct matching of synovial joints with their anatomical locations:
I. Ball and socket joint - between humerus and pectoral girdle. II. Pivot joint - between atlas and axis. III. Gliding joint - between the carpals. IV. Saddle joint - between the carpal and metacarpal of the thumb.
Explanation: All statements are correct. These represent standard textbook examples of synovial joints: ball and socket (humerus/pectoral), pivot (atlas/axis), gliding (between carpals), and saddle (carpal/metacarpal of thumb).
Question 66 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Consider these statements regarding metabolic and genetic skeletal disorders:
I. Myasthenia gravis is an auto-immune disorder that causes fatigue, weakening, and paralysis of visceral smooth muscles. II. Muscular dystrophy is a progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle that is mostly a genetic disorder. III. Tetany is characterized by rapid spasms in muscles due to abnormally low calcium levels in body fluids. IV. Gout is characterized by the inflammation of joints due to the accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals.
Explanation: Statement I is incorrect because myasthenia gravis is an auto-immune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction leading to fatigue, weakening, and paralysis of skeletal muscles, not visceral smooth muscles. Statement II is correct because muscular dystrophy is a progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle due to a genetic disorder. Statement III is correct because tetany involves rapid spasms due to low calcium (Ca++) in body fluid. Statement IV is incorrect because gout is caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals, not calcium oxalate crystals.
Question 67 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Read the statements regarding osteoporosis and joint inflammation:
I. Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and increased chances of fractures. II. A common cause of osteoporosis in aging individuals is decreased levels of estrogen. III. Arthritis is defined as the inflammation of joints. IV. Osteoporosis is a genetic disease that selectively degenerates muscles.
Explanation: Statement I is correct because osteoporosis is an age-related disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and increased chances of fractures. Statement II is correct because decreased levels of estrogen is a common cause. Statement III is correct because arthritis is the inflammation of joints. Statement IV is incorrect because muscular dystrophy is the genetic disorder degenerating skeletal muscles, whereas osteoporosis is an age-related bone mass disorder.
Question 68 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Analyze the statements about the cell movements in unicellular and multicellular organisms:
I. Streaming of protoplasm in unicellular organisms like Amoeba is a simple form of movement. II. Paramoecium utilizes its cilia both for locomotion and for moving food through its cytopharynx. III. Hydra uses tentacles solely for capturing prey, having distinct separate structures for locomotion. IV. All movements are locomotions, but all locomotions are not movements.
Explanation: Statement I is correct because protoplasmic streaming in Amoeba is a simple form of movement. Statement II is correct because cilia in Paramoecium help in the movement of food through the cytopharynx and in locomotion as well. Statement III is incorrect because Hydra uses its tentacles both for capturing prey and for locomotion. Statement IV is incorrect because the correct relationship is that all locomotions are movements but all movements are not locomotions.
Question 69 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Read the statements regarding the human cells that exhibit amoeboid and ciliary movements:
I. Macrophages and leucocytes in human blood exhibit amoeboid movement. II. Amoeboid movement is maintained by cytoskeletal elements like microfilaments. III. Ciliary movement occurs in internal tubular organs lined by stratified ciliated epithelium. IV. Coordinated movements of cilia in the trachea help in removing inhaled dust particles and foreign substances.
Explanation: Statement I is correct because macrophages and leucocytes exhibit amoeboid movement. Statement II is correct because microfilaments (cytoskeletal elements) are involved in amoeboid movement. Statement III is incorrect because ciliary movement occurs in internal tubular organs lined by ciliated epithelium (not stratified ciliated epithelium). Statement IV is correct because coordinated tracheal ciliary movements help remove inhaled dust and foreign substances.
Question 70 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Select the correct statements regarding flagellar and ciliary movements in different tracts:
I. Flagellar movement helps in the swimming of spermatozoa. II. Flagellar movement maintains the water current in the canal system of sponges. III. Flagellar movement is involved in the locomotion of the protist Euglena. IV. Passage of ova through the female reproductive tract is facilitated by flagellar movement of the fallopian tubes.
Explanation: Statement I is correct because flagellar movement helps in the swimming of spermatozoa. Statement II is correct because flagellar movement maintains water currents in the canal system of sponges. Statement III is correct because flagellar movement helps in the locomotion of Euglena. Statement IV is incorrect because the passage of ova through the female reproductive tract is facilitated by ciliary movement, not flagellar movement.
