Locomotion and Movement MCQs

Consider these statements about the human skull and associated bones:

I. The skull region articulates with the vertebral column via two occipital condyles (dicondylic skull).
II. A single U-shaped bone called the hyoid is located at the base of the buccal cavity.
III. Ear ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes) are present in each middle ear cavity.
IV. Hyoid bone and ear ossicles are not considered parts of the axial skeleton.

Which of the following statements about the human rib cage are correct?

I. The rib cage is formed by the thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and the ventral flat bone, the sternum.
II. There are 12 pairs of ribs in human beings.
III. False ribs (vertebrochondral ribs) include the 8th, 9th, and 10th pairs, which connect to the 7th rib using hyaline cartilage.
IV. Sternum is a flat bone situated on the dorsal midline of the thorax.

Select the correct statements regarding the appendicular bones of the human hand:

I. Each upper limb (hand) consists of exactly 30 bones.
II. The wrist bones are called carpals and are 8 in number.
III. The palm bones are called metacarpals and are 5 in number.
IV. The digits are made up of 14 phalanges.

Which of the following statements regarding the bones of the leg (hind limb) are correct?

I. The thigh bone (femur) is the longest bone of the human body.
II. Ankle bones are called tarsals and are 8 in number.
III. Metatarsals are 5 in number and phalanges (digits) are 14 in number.
IV. Patella is a cup-shaped bone that covers the knee ventrally (knee cap).

Read the statements regarding the scapula bone of the pectoral girdle:

I. Scapula is a large, triangular flat bone located in the dorsal part of the thorax.
II. It lies between the second and the seventh ribs.
III. The acromion is a flat, expanded process that projects from the elevated spine of the scapula.
IV. Below the acromion is the glenoid cavity which articulates with the head of the humerus.

Read the statements regarding the auditory and hyoid bones:

I. Each middle ear houses three tiny bones: malleus, incus, and stapes.
II. The ear ossicles increase the efficiency of transmission of sound waves to the inner ear.
III. The hyoid bone is a single, U-shaped bone present at the base of the buccal cavity.
IV. The hyoid bone participates directly in the formation of the middle ear ossicles.

Consider the following statements about human body cell movements:

I. Cells of the human body exhibit three main types of movements: amoeboid, ciliary, and muscular.
II. Amoeboid movement in human cells is exhibited by macrophages and leucocytes.
III. Microfilaments (cytoskeletal elements) are involved in maintaining amoeboid movement.
IV. All cells of the human body exhibit ciliary movement.

Read the statements about visceral (smooth) muscles:

I. They are located in the inner walls of hollow visceral organs like the alimentary canal and reproductive tract.
II. They lack striations and appear smooth under the microscope.
III. Their activities are under the voluntary control of the nervous system.
IV. They assist in the transportation of food through the digestive tract and gametes through the genital tract.

Choose the correct statements about cardiac muscles in humans:

I. Cardiac muscles are found exclusively in the walls of the human heart.
II. Many cardiac muscle cells assemble in a branching pattern to form a cardiac muscle.
III. Based on appearance, cardiac muscles are completely smooth and non-striated.
IV. Cardiac muscles are involuntary because the nervous system does not control them directly.

Analyze these statements regarding the structural changes during muscle contraction:

I. The functional unit of contraction is the sarcomere, which is bounded by two successive Z lines.
II. During contraction, the I band reduces in width.
III. The H zone disappears or reduces as the thin filaments slide towards the center.
IV. The A band undergoes horizontal shortening and becomes extremely narrow during contraction.