Which of the following describes health most accurately, according to the sources?

[Human-Health-and-Disease] [class-xii ]

• Absence of disease or physical fitness
• A balance of certain humors in the body
• A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
• A hot personality defined by blackbile
Correct Option: C  [ A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being ]

Remark: Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not simply the absence of disease or physical fitness.

Which scientist used experimental methods and a thermometer to disprove the 'good humor' hypothesis of health?

[Human-Health-and-Disease] [class-xii ]

• Hippocrates
• M.S. Swaminathan
• William Harvey
• Norman Borlaug
Correct Option: C  [ William Harvey ]

Remark: The discovery of blood circulation by William Harvey using the experimental method disproved the 'good humor' hypothesis.

Which system, influenced by the mind, is crucial for maintaining our health?

[Human-Health-and-Disease] [class-xii ]

• Digestive system
• Endocrine and neural system (influencing immune system)
• Skeletal system
• Excretory system
Correct Option: B  [ Endocrine and neural system (influencing immune system) ]

Remark: Biology later stated that mind influences, through neural system and endocrine system, our immune system, which maintains our health.

Which factor is listed among those that affect human health?

[Human-Health-and-Disease] [class-xii ]

• Life style (including food, water, rest, exercise)
• Only infectious diseases
• The balance of four major humors
• Reflective thought alone
Correct Option: A  [ Life style (including food, water, rest, exercise) ]

Remark: Health is affected by genetic disorders, infections, and life style.

The practice utilized since time immemorial to achieve physical and mental health is:

[Human-Health-and-Disease] [class-xii ]

• Vaccination
• Yoga
• Drug therapy
• Antibiotics
Correct Option: B  [ Yoga ]

Remark: Yoga has been practised since time immemorial to achieve physical and mental health.

Diseases that are easily transmitted from one person to another are called:

[Human-Health-and-Disease] [class-xii ]

• Non-infectious diseases
• Congenital diseases
• Infectious diseases
• Auto-immune diseases
Correct Option: C  [ Infectious diseases ]

Remark: Diseases which are easily transmitted from one person to another are called infectious diseases.

Among non-infectious diseases, which condition is the major cause of death?

[Human-Health-and-Disease] [class-xii ]

• AIDS
• Cancer
• Pneumonia
• Typhoid
Correct Option: B  [ Cancer ]

Remark: Among non-infectious diseases, cancer is the major cause of death.

Disease-causing organisms are termed pathogens. Which characteristic must gut pathogens adapt to survive in the host?

[Human-Health-and-Disease] [class-xii ]

• Surviving in high pH and resisting digestive enzymes
• Surviving at low temperature in the stomach
• Surviving in the stomach at low pH and resisting digestive enzymes
• Producing memory cells immediately
Correct Option: C  [ Surviving in the stomach at low pH and resisting digestive enzymes ]

Remark: Pathogens that enter the gut must know a way of surviving in the stomach at low pH and resisting the various digestive enzymes.

Which pathogenic bacterium causes typhoid fever in human beings?

[Human-Health-and-Disease] [class-xii ]

• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Haemophilus influenzae
• Salmonella typhi
• Plasmodium vivax
Correct Option: C  [ Salmonella typhi ]

Remark: Salmonella typhi is a pathogenic bacterium which causes typhoid fever.

Typhoid pathogens generally enter the small intestine through:

[Human-Health-and-Disease] [class-xii ]

• Inhaling aerosols
• Contaminated food and water
• Mosquito bites
• Sexual contact
Correct Option: B  [ Contaminated food and water ]

Remark: These pathogens generally enter the small intestine through food and water contaminated with them.