Read the statements regarding the actions of Oxytocin:
I. Oxytocin acts on the smooth muscles of our body and stimulates their contraction. II. In females, oxytocin stimulates vigorous contraction of the uterus at the time of childbirth. III. Oxytocin stimulates milk ejection from the mammary gland. IV. Oxytocin is synthesized by the posterior pituitary and acts on skeletal muscles.
Choose the correct statement combination.
Oxytocin is synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored and released by the posterior pituitary. It stimulates contraction of smooth muscles, especially the uterus during childbirth, and promotes milk ejection. Statement IV is incorrect.
Question 62 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Read the statements regarding Vasopressin (ADH):
I. Vasopressin acts mainly at the kidney distal tubules. II. It stimulates the resorption of water and electrolytes, thereby reducing the loss of water through urine (diuresis). III. It is also called Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH). IV. Excess secretion of ADH leads to a condition called Diabetes Insipidus.
Select the correct statement combination.
Vasopressin (ADH) acts mainly on the distal tubules of the kidney and promotes reabsorption of water and electrolytes, thereby reducing urine output. Deficiency, not excess, of ADH causes Diabetes Insipidus. Hence, statement IV is incorrect.
Question 63 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Consider the following statements about the Pineal Gland and Melatonin:
I. The pineal gland is located on the dorsal side of the forebrain. II. Melatonin is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. III. Melatonin helps maintain the sleep-wake cycle and body temperature. IV. Melatonin also influences metabolism, pigmentation, the menstrual cycle, and our immune defense capability.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
The pineal gland is situated on the dorsal side of the forebrain and secretes melatonin. Melatonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, metabolism, pigmentation, menstrual cycle, and immune defense. Statement II is incorrect because melatonin is not secreted by the anterior pituitary.
Question 64 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Read the statements below regarding the anatomical structure of the Thyroid Gland:
I. The thyroid gland is composed of two lobes located on either side of the trachea. II. The two lobes are interconnected with a thin flap of connective tissue called the isthmus. III. The thyroid gland is composed of follicles and stromal tissues. IV. Each thyroid follicle is composed of follicular cells enclosing a cavity.
Identify the correct statement combination.
All four statements are correct. The thyroid gland has two lobes joined by the isthmus, is composed of follicles and stromal tissue, and each follicle consists of follicular cells enclosing a central cavity.
Question 65 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Consider the statements regarding Thyroid Hormone synthesis and the role of iodine:
I. Iodine is essential for the normal rate of hormone synthesis in the thyroid. II. The thyroid follicular cells synthesize two hormones: tetraiodothyronine (T4) or thyroxine, and triiodothyronine (T3). III. Deficiency of iodine in our diet results in hyperthyroidism and enlargement of the thyroid gland (goitre). IV. Both T3 and T4 require iodine for their synthesis.
Identify the correct statement combination.
Iodine is essential for synthesis of T3 and T4. Thyroid follicular cells produce these two hormones. Iodine deficiency results in hypothyroidism with enlargement of the thyroid gland (goitre), not hyperthyroidism. Therefore, statement III is incorrect.
Question 66 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Read the statements regarding the pathological effects of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy:
I. Hypothyroidism during pregnancy causes defective development and maturation of the growing baby. II. This leads to stunted growth (cretinism) and mental retardation. III. Cretinism is also characterized by high intelligence quotient (IQ) and extremely dry, healthy skin. IV. Deaf-mutism is a characteristic feature of cretinism.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Cretinism caused by hypothyroidism during pregnancy is characterized by stunted growth, mental retardation, low IQ, abnormal skin, and deaf-mutism. Therefore, statement III is incorrect because it mentions high IQ and healthy skin.
Question 67 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Read the statements regarding thyroid dysfunction in adult females:
I. Hypothyroidism in adult women may cause the menstrual cycle to become irregular. II. Cancer of the thyroid gland or development of thyroid nodules can lead to hyperthyroidism. III. Hyperthyroidism increases the rate of synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones to abnormal high levels. IV. Hyperthyroidism has no adverse effect on the overall body physiology.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Hypothyroidism may cause irregular menstrual cycles. Thyroid cancer or nodules may produce hyperthyroidism, resulting in abnormally high thyroid hormone levels. Hyperthyroidism adversely affects body physiology, making statement IV incorrect.
Question 68 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Consider the clinical features of Exophthalmic Goitre (Graves' disease):
I. Exophthalmic goitre is a form of hypothyroidism. II. It is characterized by enlargement of the thyroid gland and protrusion of the eyeballs. III. It is accompanied by an increased basal metabolic rate (BMR) and weight loss. IV. It is also known as Graves' disease.
Identify the correct statement combination.
Exophthalmic goitre (Graves' disease) is a form of hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism. It is characterized by thyroid enlargement, protruding eyeballs, increased BMR, and weight loss. Hence, statement I is incorrect.
Question 69 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Analyze the physiological roles of Thyroid Hormones:
I. Thyroid hormones play an important role in the regulation of the basal metabolic rate (BMR). II. They support the process of red blood cell (RBC) formation. III. They control the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. IV. They have no influence on the maintenance of water and electrolyte balance.
Select the correct statement combination.
Thyroid hormones regulate the basal metabolic rate, support RBC formation, and control the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. They also influence water and electrolyte balance, making statement IV incorrect.
Question 70 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Consider the following statements about Thyrocalcitonin (TCT):
I. Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) is a steroid hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. II. Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) is a protein hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. III. Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) regulates blood calcium levels by increasing them. IV. Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) regulates blood calcium levels by decreasing them.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) is a protein hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. It is a hypocalcemic hormone that lowers blood calcium levels. Therefore, statements II and IV are correct, while statements I and III are incorrect.
