Which of the following techniques is NOT listed as serving the purpose of early diagnosis in molecular medicine?
Recombinant DNA technology, PCR, and ELISA are techniques used for early diagnosis. Conventional methods (serum and urine analysis) often fail to provide early detection.
Question 32 of 494
📘 CLASS XII
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is routinely used in molecular diagnosis primarily because it can:
PCR is a powerful technique routinely used to detect very low concentrations of bacteria or viruses (like HIV in suspected AIDS patients) by amplification of their nucleic acid, even when disease symptoms are not yet visible.
Question 33 of 494
📘 CLASS XII
In molecular diagnosis using a radioactive probe and autoradiography, how is a clone having a mutated gene identified?
A single-stranded DNA or RNA probe is allowed to hybridize to its complementary DNA. If the gene is mutated, the probe will not have complementarity, and consequently, the clone having the mutated gene will not appear on the photographic film after autoradiography.
Question 34 of 494
📘 CLASS XII
ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay) is a diagnostic technique based on the principle of:
ELISA is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction. Infection by a pathogen can be detected by identifying the presence of antigens (proteins, glycoproteins) or by detecting antibodies synthesized against the pathogen.
Question 35 of 494
📘 CLASS XII
Animals whose DNA has been manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene are specifically known as:
Animals that have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene are known as transgenic animals.
Question 36 of 494
📘 CLASS XII
Over what percentage of all existing transgenic animals are mice?
While transgenic rats, rabbits, pigs, sheep, cows and fish have been produced, over 95 per cent of all existing transgenic animals are mice.
Question 37 of 494
📘 CLASS XII
Transgenic animals are specifically designed to study complex factors involved in growth, such as:
Transgenic animals can be designed to study how genes affect normal functions and development, for example, the study of complex factors involved in growth such as insulin-like growth factor.
Question 38 of 494
📘 CLASS XII
Which of the following human diseases is NOT specifically listed in the sources as having an existing transgenic animal model for increasing understanding of its development?
Transgenic models exist for many human diseases such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer’s. Polio is mentioned in the context of vaccine safety testing, not as a disease model itself.
Question 39 of 494
📘 CLASS XII
Which human protein, produced by transgenic animals, is used to treat emphysema?
Transgenic animals can be created to produce useful biological products, such as the human protein alpha-1-antitrypsin, used to treat emphysema.
Question 40 of 494
📘 CLASS XII
Rosie, the first transgenic cow, produced human protein-enriched milk containing how much protein per liter?
Rosie, the first transgenic cow (1997), produced human protein-enriched milk (2.4 grams per litre), which contained the human alpha-lactalbumin.
