The Bt toxin protein is converted into its active form because the alkaline pH of the insect gut ________ the crystals.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• denatures
• precipitates
• solubilizes
• crystallizes
Correct Option: C  [ solubilizes ]

Remark: The alkaline pH of the gut solubilizes the crystals, converting the protoxin into the active form.

The nematode-specific genes used for RNAi protection in tobacco plants were introduced using ________ vectors.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• viral
• plasmid
• Agrobacterium
• liposomal
Correct Option: C  [ Agrobacterium ]

Remark: Nematode-specific genes were introduced using Agrobacterium vectors.

The problem with insulin isolated from animals was the risk of developing allergy or other types of ________ to the foreign protein.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• immunity
• tolerance
• reactions
• infections
Correct Option: C  [ reactions ]

Remark: Animal insulin caused some patients to develop allergy or other types of reactions to the foreign protein.

In humans, the insulin pro-hormone contains an extra stretch known as the C peptide which is removed during the process of ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• transcription
• translation
• maturation
• secretion
Correct Option: C  [ maturation ]

Remark: The C peptide is removed during maturation into functional insulin.

Gene therapy involves correction of a gene defect that has been diagnosed in a child or ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• adult
• embryo
• neonate
• infant
Correct Option: B  [ embryo ]

Remark: Gene therapy is used to correct defects diagnosed in a child or embryo.

The deletion of the gene for ADA leads to deficiency of the enzyme, which impairs the function of the ________ system.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• digestive
• nervous
• immune
• skeletal
Correct Option: C  [ immune ]

Remark: ADA is crucial for the immune system.

One method of treatment for ADA deficiency is bone marrow ________.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• transfusion
• transplantation
• amputation
• replacement
Correct Option: B  [ transplantation ]

Remark: ADA deficiency can be cured by bone marrow transplantation.

The genetically engineered lymphocytes infused into an ADA patient are cultured ________ the body before reintroduction.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• inside
• outside
• in plasma
• in blood
Correct Option: B  [ outside ]

Remark: Lymphocytes are grown in a culture outside the body.

Recombinant DNA technology, PCR, and ELISA are techniques that serve the purpose of ________ diagnosis.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• definitive
• late
• early
• differential
Correct Option: C  [ early ]

Remark: These techniques are used for early diagnosis, unlike conventional methods.

PCR detects pathogens by ________ of their nucleic acid, even when their concentration is very low.

[Biotechnology-and-its-Applications] [class-xii ]

• sequencing
• degradation
• hybridization
• amplification
Correct Option: D  [ amplification ]

Remark: PCR detects low concentrations of pathogens by amplification of their nucleic acid.