Which of the following equations depicts Verhulst-Pearl logistic population growth?
The Verhulst-Pearl logistic growth equation is dN/dt = rN[(K − N)/K], where K is carrying capacity, N is population size and r is the intrinsic rate of natural increase.
II. Autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction
C. Myasthenia gravis
III. Wild contraction in muscle due to low Ca++ in body fluid
D. Muscular dystrophy
IV. Progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle
Tetany is caused by low Ca++, arthritis is inflammation of joints, myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction and muscular dystrophy causes progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles.
The JGA (Juxta Glomerular Apparatus) is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in ______ related to the same nephron.
The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is formed by the distal convoluted tubule and the afferent arteriole and helps regulate glomerular filtration rate through the renin-angiotensin mechanism.
Choose the correct statements regarding frog's anatomy.
(A) Hepatic portal system is the special venous connection between liver and intestine.
(B) There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves arising from the brain.
(C) The ureters and oviducts open separately into the cloaca in female frogs.
(D) Hind-brain consists of cerebellum, medulla oblongata and optic lobes.
(E) Sinus venosus joins the right atrium of heart.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
The hepatic portal system connects the intestine and liver. Female frogs have separate openings of ureters and oviducts into the cloaca. The sinus venosus opens into the right atrium. Frogs have 10 pairs of cranial nerves, and optic lobes belong to the midbrain.
I. Stimulates the formation of alveoli in mammary glands
B. Aldosterone
II. Produces anti-inflammatory reactions
C. Cholecystokinin
III. Stimulates reabsorption of Na+ and water from renal tubule
D. Progesterone
IV. Stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile juice
Cortisol has anti-inflammatory effects. Aldosterone increases Na+ and water reabsorption. Cholecystokinin stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion and gall bladder contraction. Progesterone helps in alveolar development of mammary glands during pregnancy.
Male frogs can be distinguished from female frogs due to the presence of:
(A) Bulging eyes
(B) Vocal sacs
(C) Webbed digits in feet
(D) Copulatory pad on first digit of fore limbs
(E) Olive green-coloured skin with dark irregular spots
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Male frogs possess vocal sacs for mating calls and nuptial (copulatory) pads on the first digit of the forelimbs to hold the female during amplexus.
II. Stimulates adrenal gland to release catecholamines into blood circulation
C. Heroin
III. Effective sedative and painkiller
D. Cocaine
IV. A depressant; slows down body function
Nicotine stimulates catecholamine release. Morphine is a sedative and painkiller. Heroin is a depressant. Cocaine causes euphoria and increased energy.
