Cell the Unit of Life MCQs

Consider the following statements on cell membrane transport mechanisms:

I. Neutral solutes move across the plasma membrane by simple diffusion along a concentration gradient.
II. Movement of water across the membrane by diffusion is called osmosis.
III. Polar molecules pass easily through the nonpolar lipid bilayer without carrier proteins.
IV. Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient using energy in the form of ATP (e.g., Na+/K+ pump).

Which statements are correct?

Which of the following statements regarding cell wall compositions are correct?

I. Algae cell walls consist of cellulose, galactans, mannans, and calcium carbonate.
II. Plant cell walls consist of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, and proteins.
III. Primary cell wall is capable of growth, which diminishes as the cell matures.
IV. Secondary wall is formed on the outer side (towards the middle lamella) of the cell.

Which statements are correct?

Consider the statements regarding the middle lamella and intercellular connections:

I. Middle lamella is a layer composed mainly of calcium pectate.
II. Middle lamella glues neighbouring plant cells together.
III. Plasmodesmata traverse the cell wall and middle lamella, connecting cytoplasm of neighbouring cells.
IV. Middle lamella is formed inside the secondary cell wall.

Which statements are correct?

Which of the following organelles are included in the endomembrane system?

I. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER).
II. Golgi apparatus.
III. Lysosomes and Vacuoles.
IV. Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes.

Which statements are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

I. ER divides intracellular space into luminal (inside ER) and extra-luminal (cytoplasm) compartments.
II. RER has ribosomes attached to its outer surface and is involved in protein synthesis and secretion.
III. SER lacks ribosomes and is the major site for synthesis of lipids and lipid-like steroidal hormones.
IV. RER is continuous with the inner nuclear membrane only.

Which statement combinations are correct?

Select the correct statements about the Golgi apparatus:

I. Camillo Golgi first observed densely stained reticular structures near the nucleus in 1898.
II. Consists of flat disc-shaped sacs called cisternae of 0.5 μm to 1.0 μm diameter.
III. Convex cis face is the forming face, while concave trans face is the maturing face.
IV. Principal site for the formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids.

Which statements are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding lysosomes:

I. Lysosomes are single membrane-bound vesicular structures formed by Golgi packaging.
II. Lysosomal vesicles are rich in hydrolytic enzymes like lipases, proteases, and carbohydrases.
III. Lysosomal enzymes are optimally active at basic pH.
IV. They are capable of digesting carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Which statements are correct?

Read the statements below regarding vacuoles:

I. Vacuole is bound by a single membrane called tonoplast.
II. In plant cells, vacuoles can occupy up to 90% of cell volume.
III. Tonoplast facilitates transport of ions against concentration gradients into the vacuole.
IV. In Amoeba, food vacuole is important for osmoregulation and excretion.

Which of the following combinations is correct?

Which of the following statements about mitochondria are correct?

I. Mitochondria are double membrane-bound organelles with outer and inner compartments.
II. Inner membrane forms infoldings called cristae towards the matrix to increase surface area.
III. Mitochondrial matrix possesses single circular DNA molecule, RNA molecules, and 80S ribosomes.
IV. Mitochondria are sites of aerobic respiration and divide by fission.

Which statements are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding plastid types and their functions:

I. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments trapping light energy.
II. Chromoplasts contain fat-soluble carotenoids like carotene and xanthophylls.
III. Amyloplasts store carbohydrates (starch), e.g., potato.
IV. Elaioplasts store proteins, while aleuroplasts store oils and fats.

Which statements are correct?