Pleiotropism means one gene affecting many phenotypic traits. So option 4 is correct. A single gene influences multiple features such as color, height, and metabolism in some organisms as described in NCERT discussions of gene action.
🧠Did You Know?
In pleiotropy, a single mutant gene can cause multiple symptoms or disorders, illustrating how genes can have widespread effects beyond one trait.
💡 NCERT Memory Line:
A single gene may influence more than one character (pleiotropy).
Frequency of recombination between gene pairs on same chromosome as a measure of the distance between genes to map their position on chromosome, was used for the first time by:
What is the role of RNA polymerase III in the process of transcription in Eukaryotes?
Explanation:
In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase III transcribes small RNA molecules: tRNA genes, 5S rRNA, and many snRNA genes. This matches option 3. RNA polymerase I transcribes most rRNAs (28S, 18S, 5.8S), and RNA polymerase II transcribes precursors of mRNA and most snRNA and microRNA genes, not the ones listed for Pol III.
🧠Did You Know?
Pol III products include structural RNAs essential for protein synthesis and RNA processing, such as tRNA and 5S rRNA.
💡 NCERT Memory Line:
RNA polymerase III transcribes tRNA, 5S rRNA and snRNA (small RNAs).
