Roquefort cheese acquires its particular flavour because it is ripened by growing:

[Microbes-in-Human-Welfare] [class-xii ]

• A specific algae
• A specific fungi
• Lactic acid bacteria
• Methane producing bacteria
Correct Option: B  [ A specific fungi ]

Remark: The “Roquefort cheese” are ripened by growing a specific fungi on them, which gives them a particular flavour.

In industrial production, microbes are grown in very large vessels called:

[Microbes-in-Human-Welfare] [class-xii ]

• BOD tanks
• Anaerobic digesters
• Fermentors
• Petri dishes
Correct Option: C  [ Fermentors ]

Remark: Production on an industrial scale requires growing microbes in very large vessels called fermentors.

Bottled fruit juices are clearer than homemade juices due to the industrial use of which enzymes?

[Microbes-in-Human-Welfare] [class-xii ]

• Lipases and Streptokinase
• Amylases and Cellulases
• Pectinases and Proteases
• Invertases and Zymases
Correct Option: C  [ Pectinases and Proteases ]

Remark: Bottled juices are clarified by the use of pectinases and proteases.

Streptokinase, produced by the bacterium *Streptococcus*, is genetically modified and used medically as a:

[Microbes-in-Human-Welfare] [class-xii ]

• Painkiller
• Immunity booster
• Clot buster
• Antihistamine
Correct Option: C  [ Clot buster ]

Remark: Streptokinase is used as a ‘clot buster’ for removing clots from the blood vessels of patients who have undergone myocardial infarction.

Cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressive agent used in organ-transplant patients, is produced by the fungus:

[Microbes-in-Human-Welfare] [class-xii ]

• Monascus purpureus
• Trichoderma polysporum
• Penicillium notatum
• Aspergillus niger
Correct Option: B  [ Trichoderma polysporum ]

Remark: Cyclosporin A is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum.

Statins, used as blood-cholesterol lowering agents, are commercially produced by which yeast?

[Microbes-in-Human-Welfare] [class-xii ]

• Saccharomyces cerevisiae
• Monascus purpureus
• Trichoderma
• Rhizobium
Correct Option: B  [ Monascus purpureus ]

Remark: Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have been commercialised as blood-cholesterol lowering agents.

Statins act by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of:

[Microbes-in-Human-Welfare] [class-xii ]

• Triglycerides
• Insulin
• Cholesterol
• Fatty acids
Correct Option: C  [ Cholesterol ]

Remark: Statins act by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for synthesis of cholesterol.

Municipal waste-water containing large amounts of organic matter and microbes, many of which are pathogenic, is commonly called:

[Microbes-in-Human-Welfare] [class-xii ]

• Sludge
• Biogas
• Sewage
• Effluent
Correct Option: C  [ Sewage ]

Remark: This municipal waste-water is also called sewage.

The treatment of waste water in STPs is carried out by microbes which are naturally present in the sewage and are classified as:

[Microbes-in-Human-Welfare] [class-xii ]

• Chemosynthetic autotrophs
• Photoautotrophs
• Heterotrophic microbes
• Anaerobic methanogens
Correct Option: C  [ Heterotrophic microbes ]

Remark: Treatment of waste water is done by the heterotrophic microbes naturally present in the sewage.

Primary sewage treatment involves which basic steps?

[Microbes-in-Human-Welfare] [class-xii ]

• Chemical oxidation and neutralization
• Filtration and sedimentation (Physical removal)
• Anaerobic digestion and gas production
• Bacterial consumption of organic matter
Correct Option: B  [ Filtration and sedimentation (Physical removal) ]

Remark: Primary treatment steps basically involve physical removal of particles—large and small—from the sewage through filtration and sedimentation.