Locomotion and Movement MCQs

Read the statements regarding the human rib cage and rib classification:

I. The first seven pairs of ribs are true ribs connected to the sternum via hyaline cartilage.
II. The 8th, 9th, and 10th pairs are called vertebrochondral (false) ribs.
III. The 11th and 12th pairs of ribs are floating ribs because they are not connected ventrally.
IV. Thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum together form the pelvic girdle.

Which of the following statements about the appendicular bones of the upper limb (hand) are correct?

I. Each upper limb consists of exactly 30 bones.
II. The bones of the hand are humerus, radius, and ulna.
III. The wrist bones (carpals) are 8 in number, and palm bones (metacarpals) are 5 in number.
IV. The digits of the hand are composed of exactly 12 phalanges.

Read the statements regarding the bones of the human hind limb (leg):

I. The femur (thigh bone) is the longest bone in the human body.
II. Ankle bones (tarsals) are 8 in number in each hind limb.
III. Metatarsals are 5 in number, and phalanges are 14 in number.
IV. Patella is a cup-shaped bone (knee cap) that covers the knee joint ventrally.

Consider the statements regarding the pectoral girdle structure:

I. Each half of the pectoral girdle consists of a clavicle and a scapula.
II. Scapula is a large triangular flat bone situated in the dorsal part of the thorax.
III. Scapula lies between the second and seventh ribs.
IV. Clavicle is a long slender bone with two curvatures, commonly called the collar bone.

Identify the correct statements regarding the scapula's projections and joints:

I. The scapula's dorsal body has a slightly elevated ridge called the spine.
II. The spine projects as a flat, expanded process called the acromion.
III. The clavicle articulates with the acromion process.
IV. Below the acromion is a deep depression called the acetabulum.

Read the statements below regarding the pelvic girdle structure in humans:

I. Pelvic girdle consists of two coxal bones.
II. Each coxal bone is formed by the fusion of three bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis.
III. At the point of fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubis is a cavity called the acetabulum.
IV. The two halves of the pelvic girdle meet dorsally to form the pubic symphysis.

Which of the following statements about structural joints in humans are correct?

I. Joints are points of contact between bones, or between bones and cartilages.
II. Fibrous joints do not allow any movement and are represented by flat skull sutures.
III. Cartilaginous joints are joined with cartilages and permit limited movement, as in adjacent vertebrae.
IV. Synovial joints contain a fluid-filled synovial cavity and do not permit any movement.

Select the correct matching of synovial joints with their anatomical positions:

I. Ball and socket joint - between humerus and pectoral girdle.
II. Pivot joint - between atlas and axis.
III. Gliding joint - between the carpal and metacarpal of the thumb.
IV. Hinge joint - represented by the knee joint.

Compare the following clinical muscle disorders described below:

I. Myasthenia gravis is an auto-immune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction.
II. Myasthenia gravis leads to fatigue, weakening, and paralysis of skeletal muscle.
III. Muscular dystrophy is a progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle, mostly due to genetic disorder.
IV. Tetany is characterized by rapid spasms in muscles due to excessively high calcium levels in body fluids.

Read the following statements regarding skeletal and joint diseases:

I. Arthritis is the inflammation of joints.
II. Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and increased chances of fractures.
III. A common cause of osteoporosis in aging individuals is decreased levels of estrogen.
IV. Gout is characterized by the inflammation of joints due to the accumulation of calcium carbonate crystals.