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100 questions in this collection · Page 10 of 10
Question 91 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Excretory Products And Their Elimination
Read these statements about the excretory functions of the human lungs and liver:
I. The lungs remove approximately 200 mL of CO2 per minute along with significant quantities of water vapor daily. II. The liver, the largest gland in the body, secretes bile containing bilirubin, biliverdin, cholesterol, and drugs. III. Most liver excretory substances pass out of the body along with the urine. IV. The lungs play a primary role in the elimination of solid nitrogenous wastes.
Statements I and II are correct. Statement III is incorrect because most liver excretory products are eliminated through bile into the digestive tract and leave the body with faeces. Statement IV is incorrect because the lungs eliminate volatile wastes, not solid nitrogenous wastes.
Question 92 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Excretory Products And Their Elimination
Evaluate the statements below regarding the skin's sweat and sebaceous glands:
I. Sweat is a watery fluid secreted by sweat glands containing NaCl, small amounts of urea, and lactic acid. II. The primary function of sweat is to facilitate a cooling effect on the body surface. III. Sebaceous glands eliminate substances like sterols, hydrocarbons, and waxes through sebum. IV. Small amounts of nitrogenous wastes can never be eliminated through saliva.
Statements I, II and III are correct. Statement IV is incorrect because saliva can eliminate small amounts of nitrogenous wastes.
Question 93 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Excretory Products And Their Elimination
Analyze the statements below regarding the pathology of uremia and hemodialysis:
I. Uremia is the harmful accumulation of urea in the blood due to kidney malfunction. II. During hemodialysis, blood drained from a convenient artery is pumped into a dialysing unit after adding heparin. III. The dialysing fluid has the exact same composition as plasma, including nitrogenous wastes. IV. Cellophane tubes in the artificial kidney allow free passage of molecules based on a concentration gradient.
Statements I, II and IV are correct. Statement III is incorrect because dialysing fluid lacks nitrogenous wastes, thereby maintaining the diffusion gradient required for waste removal.
Question 94 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Excretory Products And Their Elimination
Read these statements about kidney transplantation and renal disorders:
I. Kidney transplantation is the ultimate method in correcting acute renal failures. II. A donor kidney in transplantation is preferably used from a close relative to minimize host immune rejection. III. Renal calculi refer to the inflammation of the kidney's glomeruli. IV. Glomerulonephritis is defined as the formation of stones or crystallized salts within the kidney.
Statements I and II are correct. Statement III is incorrect because renal calculi are stones formed within the kidney. Statement IV is incorrect because glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the glomeruli.
Question 95 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Excretory Products And Their Elimination
Study the comparative toxicity and water requirements of animal excretory products:
I. Ammonia is the most toxic nitrogenous waste and requires large volumes of water for elimination. II. Uric acid is the least toxic and can be excreted with minimum loss of water. III. Birds, reptiles, and land snails convert nitrogenous wastes into highly soluble urea to conserve water. IV. Ammonotelism is highly common in terrestrial insects and birds.
Statements I and II are correct. Statement III is incorrect because birds, reptiles and land snails are uricotelic and excrete uric acid. Statement IV is incorrect because terrestrial insects and birds are uricotelic, not ammonotelic.
Question 96 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Excretory Products And Their Elimination
Regarding the anatomical components of the human urinary system, evaluate the following statements:
I. The human excretory system consists of a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra. II. Kidneys are bean-shaped, reddish-brown structures located on the dorsal abdominal wall. III. The average kidney of an adult human measures 10–12 cm in length and 120–170 g in weight. IV. The urinary bladder is a retroperitoneal pair of structures that stores urine.
Statements I, II and III are correct. Statement IV is incorrect because the urinary bladder is a single sac-like organ that stores urine, not a paired retroperitoneal structure.
Question 97 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Excretory Products And Their Elimination
Analyze these statements regarding the transport activities in the Henle's loop ascending limb:
I. Reabsorption is minimum in the ascending limb of Henle's loop. II. This region plays a significant role in maintaining the high osmolarity of the medullary interstitial fluid. III. The ascending limb is highly permeable to water, allowing rapid dilution of the filtrate. IV. As the filtrate passes upward through the ascending limb, it gets diluted due to the active/passive exit of electrolytes.
Statements I, II and IV are correct. Statement III is incorrect because the ascending limb is impermeable to water. Electrolyte transport without water movement dilutes the filtrate and contributes to the medullary osmotic gradient.
Question 98 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Excretory Products And Their Elimination
Consider these statements regarding transport in the Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT):
I. Conditional reabsorption of Na+ and water takes place in the DCT. II. DCT is completely incapable of reabsorbing bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). III. DCT cells selectively secrete hydrogen, potassium, and NH3 into the filtrate. IV. The DCT is crucial for maintaining blood pH and the sodium-potassium balance.
Statements I, III and IV are correct. Statement II is incorrect because the DCT is capable of reabsorbing bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) while helping maintain acid-base balance.
Question 99 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Excretory Products And Their Elimination
Study the roles of the collecting duct based on these statements:
I. The collecting duct is a long duct extending from the cortex to the inner parts of the medulla. II. Large amounts of water are reabsorbed here under ADH control to produce concentrated urine. III. The collecting duct allows large amounts of glucose to enter the medullary interstitium to maintain GFR. IV. It maintains blood pH and ionic balance via selective secretion of H+ and K+.
Statements I, II and IV are correct. Statement III is incorrect because the collecting duct allows small amounts of urea, not glucose, to diffuse into the medullary interstitium to help maintain osmolarity.
Question 100 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Excretory Products And Their Elimination
Analyze the statements below regarding the counter current exchanger (vasa recta):
I. Vasa recta consists of a U-shaped capillary network running parallel to the loop of Henle. II. NaCl transported by the ascending limb of Henle's loop is exchanged into the descending limb of vasa recta. III. NaCl is returned to the medullary interstitium by the ascending portion of the vasa recta. IV. The vasa recta is highly developed in both cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons.
Statements I, II and III are correct. Statement IV is incorrect because the vasa recta is highly developed only in juxtamedullary nephrons and is absent or highly reduced in cortical nephrons.