Read the statements below regarding the actions of Estrogens:
I. Estrogens stimulate the growth and activities of female secondary sex organs. II. Estrogens are responsible for the appearance of female secondary sex characters like a high pitch of voice. III. Estrogens are the primary hormone that supports the maintenance of pregnancy. IV. Estrogens regulate female sexual behavior.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Estrogens stimulate the growth and activities of female secondary sex organs, produce female secondary sexual characters, and regulate female sexual behavior. Progesterone, not estrogen, is the primary hormone responsible for the maintenance of pregnancy. Hence, statement III is incorrect.
Question 92 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Consider the physiological roles of Progesterone:
I. Progesterone supports pregnancy. II. Progesterone acts on the mammary glands and stimulates the formation of alveoli (sac-like structures that store milk). III. Progesterone stimulates milk secretion. IV. Progesterone regulates skin pigmentation and the 24-hour diurnal sleep-wake cycle.
Select the correct statements.
Progesterone is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy, stimulates the formation of mammary alveoli, and supports milk secretion. Skin pigmentation is regulated by MSH, while the sleep-wake cycle is regulated by melatonin. Therefore, statement IV is incorrect.
Question 93 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Read the following statements regarding Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF):
I. ANF is secreted by the atrial wall of our heart. II. ANF is a steroid hormone that regulates extracellular fluid. III. ANF increases blood pressure by constricting the systemic arterioles. IV. When blood pressure increases, ANF is secreted, causing dilation of blood vessels to reduce blood pressure.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
ANF is a peptide hormone secreted by the atrial wall of the heart. It is released when blood pressure rises and causes vasodilation, thereby reducing blood pressure. Thus, statements II and III are incorrect.
Question 94 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Read the statements regarding Erythropoietin:
I. Erythropoietin is produced by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. II. Erythropoietin is a peptide hormone. III. Erythropoietin stimulates erythropoiesis, which is the formation of RBCs. IV. Erythropoietin is produced by the adrenal cortex to stimulate WBC production.
Choose the correct statement combination.
Erythropoietin is a peptide hormone produced by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. It stimulates erythropoiesis (RBC formation). It is not produced by the adrenal cortex and does not stimulate WBC production. Therefore, statement IV is incorrect.
Question 95 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Consider the statements regarding Gastrin and Secretin:
I. Gastrin acts on the gastric glands and stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen. II. Gastrin acts to inhibit gastric secretion and motility. III. Secretin acts on the exocrine pancreas and stimulates the secretion of water and bicarbonate ions. IV. Secretin stimulates gastric motility and HCl secretion.
Identify the correct statements.
Gastrin stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and pepsinogen from the gastric glands. Secretin acts on the exocrine pancreas and stimulates the secretion of water and bicarbonate ions. Gastrin does not inhibit gastric secretion, and Secretin does not stimulate gastric motility. Therefore, statements II and IV are incorrect.
Question 96 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Read the statements regarding Cholecystokinin (CCK) and Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP):
I. CCK acts on both the pancreas and the gall bladder. II. CCK stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile juice, respectively. III. GIP stimulates gastric secretion and motility. IV. GIP inhibits gastric secretion and motility.
Select the correct statement combination.
CCK acts on both the pancreas and the gall bladder, stimulating pancreatic enzyme secretion and bile release. Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) inhibits gastric secretion and motility. Thus, statement III is incorrect.
Question 97 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Read the statements regarding Hormone Receptors:
I. Membrane-bound receptors are located on the cell membrane of target cells. II. Intracellular receptors are located inside the target cell, mostly in the nucleus. III. Each receptor is highly specific to one hormone only. IV. Receptors are non-specific, allowing any circulating hormone to bind to any tissue.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Hormone receptors are highly specific and are present only in their respective target tissues. Membrane-bound receptors occur on the cell membrane, whereas intracellular receptors are found inside the target cell, mostly in the nucleus. Statement IV is incorrect.
Question 98 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Consider the chemical classification of hormones:
I. Insulin, glucagon, pituitary hormones, and hypothalamic hormones are peptide/protein hormones. II. Cortisol, testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone are steroid hormones. III. Thyroid hormones are iodothyronines. IV. Epinephrine is an amino-acid derivative.
Select the correct statement combination.
All four statements are correct. Insulin, glucagon, pituitary and hypothalamic hormones are peptide/protein hormones. Cortisol, testosterone, estradiol and progesterone are steroid hormones. Thyroid hormones are iodothyronines, while epinephrine is an amino acid derivative.
Question 99 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Read the statements regarding the mechanism of action of Peptide Hormones:
I. Hormones that interact with membrane-bound receptors normally do not enter the target cell. II. They generate second messengers like cyclic AMP, IP3, and Ca2+ inside the cell. III. These second messengers regulate cellular metabolism inside the target cell. IV. Peptide hormones cross the lipid bilayer to directly alter gene transcription in the nucleus.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Peptide hormones bind to membrane-bound receptors and do not enter the target cell. They act through second messengers such as cAMP, IP3, and Ca2+, which regulate cellular metabolism. Statement IV is incorrect because peptide hormones do not directly cross the lipid bilayer to regulate gene transcription.
Question 100 of 100
📘 CLASS XI
Read the statements regarding the mechanism of action of Steroid and Thyroid Hormones:
I. These hormones interact with intracellular receptors. II. They enter the target cell and mostly regulate gene expression or chromosome function. III. They operate by direct interaction of the hormone-receptor complex with the genome. IV. They rely on generating membrane-bound second messengers like cyclic AMP to alter cell physiology.
Identify the correct statement combination.
Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones are lipid-soluble and enter the target cell to bind with intracellular receptors. The hormone-receptor complex directly regulates gene expression by interacting with the genome. They do not depend on membrane-bound second messengers like cAMP. Therefore, statement IV is incorrect.
